End-Fitting Electrical Connection for Unbonded Flexible Pipe
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing unbonded flexible pipes used in subsea applications for transporting hydrocarbons lack an efficient means to connect their internal and external armour layers to an external electrical power source for heating systems, limiting the effective operation of electric heating systems.
Innovation Solution
The assembly comprises an end-fitting with an annular channel and flange, featuring connection points to the internal and external armour layers, connected via electrical wiring and housed in a protective enclosure to facilitate electrical connection from an external power source, ensuring moisture and gas exclusion and compliance with ATEX standards.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the end-fitting is equipped with means for electrical connection to enable heating systems, then the heating system can receive electric power from external power source, but the end-fitting structure becomes more complex and requires additional protective measures
Solution Approach 1:
The connection points for the electrical power source are mounted in a housing that is adapted to an outer surface-part in the annular channel of the end-fitting. This nesting approach integrates the electrical connection components within the existing annular channel structure, reducing overall complexity while enabling electrical connectivity for heating systems
2Adaptability or versatility
If electrical connection means are added to the end-fitting, then heating systems can be operated, but the risk of moisture and gas ingress increases
Solution Approach 1:
The housing for the connection points is designed as a sealed protective enclosure that can be integrated into the end-fitting. This housing acts as a barrier against moisture and gas ingress, protecting the electrical connection components while enabling heating system operation in harsh subsea environments
Solution Approach 2:
The housing creates a protected environment for the electrical connection components, isolating them from harmful external factors such as moisture and gas. This protective enclosure ensures that the electrical connections remain functional and safe in the subsea environment
3Ease of manufacture
If connection points for electrical power source are integrated in the annular channel, then electrical wiring is simplified, but the housing and mounting requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The annular channel in the end-fitting serves multiple functions: it provides structural support, enables mechanical termination of pipe layers, and accommodates the housing for electrical connection points. This multi-functionality simplifies the overall design by utilizing existing structural elements for electrical integration purposes
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables reliable and safe electrical connection for heating systems in unbonded flexible pipes, enhancing operational efficiency and longevity by allowing direct external power supply to the pipe's armour layers, thus improving the heating system's performance and reducing the risk of explosion.
Implementation Method 1
The end-fitting comprises means for connecting the internal armour layer to an external electrical power source
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to an assembly (1) comprising an end-fitting (2) and an unbonded flexible pipe (3) having a length and a longitudinal axis, the flexible pipe (3) comprising, from the inside and out, an interna] armour layer (1.0), an internal pressure sheath (1.1 ), at least one external armour layer (12) and an outer sheath (13), the first end of the unbonded flexible pipe (3) being terminated in the end-fitting (2), and the end-fitting (2) comprising means for connecting the internal armour layer (10) to an external electrical power source. The means comprise connection points (20) to the internal armour layer (10) in the unbonded flexible pipe (3) and connection points (23 ) to the electrical power source wherein the connection points (23) for the electrical power source are mounted in a hou sing (26) adapted to an outer surface-part of the end-fitting (2).