Endoscope Distance Measurement Using Phase Detection Pixels
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing endoscopes face challenges in accurately maneuvering the distal tip within complex body lumens due to limited field of view and lack of precise distance measurement, leading to potential tissue damage and missed pathological detections.
Innovation Solution
The development of an endoscope system with multiple viewing elements and a uniquely constructed sensor comprising phase detection pixels, allowing for distance measurement and size determination of objects, along with dynamic path projection, to enhance precision and field of view during procedures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If the operator uses tactile coordination and visual inspection to maneuver the endoscope, then the endoscope can be positioned in proximity to the area of interest, but excessive contact pressure on internal tissue occurs resulting in pain and potential perforation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical tactile coordination system with an optical measurement system. Distance measurement pixels and phase detection pixels provide automated depth information, eliminating the need for operators to rely on tactile feedback and manual estimation of contact pressure, thereby preventing tissue damage
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements real-time feedback through distance measurement pixels that continuously monitor the distance between the endoscope and tissue. This feedback loop allows the operator to adjust positioning to maintain safe distances, preventing excessive contact pressure while achieving proper positioning
2Device complexity
If a single viewing element is used in the endoscope, then the device structure remains simple, but the field of view is limited reducing detection rate of pathological objects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the viewing function into multiple segments by incorporating multiple viewing elements (first viewing element with wide field of view and second viewing element with narrow field of view). Each viewing element captures a different portion of the scene, and their combined fields of view provide both broad coverage and detailed inspection capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adds a temporal dimension to the viewing system by sequentially switching between wide-field and narrow-field views. The controller alternates between the first and second viewing elements, providing the operator with both broad overview and detailed inspection perspectives over time
3Measurement precision
If distance measurement pixels are added to the sensor, then precise distance measurement is achieved, but the sensor complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the distance measurement function with the existing image sensor by integrating distance measurement pixels alongside regular imaging pixels in the same sensor array. This consolidation allows both imaging and depth measurement to be performed by a single sensor component, simplifying the overall system architecture
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a multi-functional sensor that simultaneously performs both imaging and distance measurement tasks. The sensor array includes regular pixels for image capture and dedicated distance measurement pixels for depth information, allowing a single component to fulfill multiple functions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution improves the accuracy of endoscope navigation, reduces tissue damage, and increases the detection rate of pathological objects by providing a broader field of view and precise distance measurement, thereby enhancing the efficiency and safety of endoscopic procedures.
Implementation Method 1
receiving light into each adjacent pair of photodiodes, wherein said light is reflected off a surface of said object
Implementation Method 2
the at least one lens is configured to converge light from outside said tip onto said sensor
Implementation Method 3
a portion of said plurality of photodiodes are adjacent pairs of photodiodes configured to be phase detection pixels
Data Source
AI summary
The present specification describes a method for determining the distance of an object from the tip of an endoscope during an endoscopic procedure, wherein at least one lens is configured to converge light from outside the tip onto a sensor that includes a plurality of photodiodes a portion of which are adjacent pairs of photodiodes configured to be phase detection pixels. The method includes receiving light into each adjacent pair of photodiodes, wherein said light is reflected off a surface of said object; determining a first response curve to said light for a first photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes and a second response curve to said light for a second photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes; identifying an intersection between the first response curve and the second response curve; and using data derived from said intersection to determine said distance to the object.