Endoscopic Balloon and Conductive Wire for Bile Duct Calculus Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current endoscopic procedures for removing calculi from bile ducts face challenges such as bleeding risks during incision, limited size extraction due to incision size, and complications with large calculi, where existing methods either cause tissue compression or require complex fragmentation processes.
Innovation Solution
A medical instrument for an endoscope featuring a flexible sheath with a conductive wire for incision and an expandable balloon that enlarges the bile duct channel, allowing for controlled expansion and reduced bleeding risk, enabling the extraction of larger calculi without tissue compression.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If the papilla is largely incised by the papillotome to facilitate calculus extraction, then the calculus can be easily extracted, but the risk of cutting blood vessels and causing bleeding increases
Solution Approach 1:
A guide wire is introduced as an intermediary element to facilitate the passage of the papillotome through the papilla. The guide wire provides a safe pathway that reduces the risk of uncontrolled incision and bleeding while still allowing access for calculus extraction
Solution Approach 2:
The papilla is incised in advance using the papillotome before calculus extraction. This preliminary incision creates a larger opening that facilitates easier calculus removal while the controlled nature of the pre-planned incision helps minimize bleeding risk compared to forced extraction
2Volume of moving object
If the incision length is increased to extract larger calculi, then larger calculi can be removed, but the bleeding risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The papilla is incised in advance to an appropriate length based on the expected calculus size. This preliminary incision allows for extraction of larger calculi while maintaining control over the incision extent to minimize bleeding risk
Solution Approach 2:
The incision length is adjusted as a variable parameter based on the size of the calculus to be extracted. By changing the incision length parameter appropriately, the system accommodates different calculus sizes while balancing extraction ease against bleeding risk
3Productivity
If the papilla is incised to extract calculi, then calculi can be removed, but tissue compression occurs with existing methods
Solution Approach 1:
A guide wire serves as an intermediary that allows the papillotome and calculus extraction tools to pass through the papilla without direct compression of the surrounding tissue. The wire provides a channel that minimizes tissue distortion and compression
Solution Approach 2:
The procedure is segmented into distinct steps: guide wire insertion, papilla incision, and calculus extraction. This segmentation allows each step to be performed with minimal tissue compression, avoiding the need for forced single-step extraction that would compress tissue
4Device complexity
If conventional incision methods are used, then the procedure is simple, but the treatment duration increases for large calculi
Solution Approach 1:
The papilla is incised in advance to an appropriate size before calculus extraction. This preliminary action prevents the need for time-consuming fragmentation procedures for large calculi, reducing overall treatment duration while maintaining procedural simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The incision length parameter is adjusted based on calculus size to optimize extraction efficiency. For larger calculi, a longer incision is made upfront, allowing complete removal in one step rather than requiring multiple fragmentation and extraction cycles
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The instrument facilitates the safe and efficient extraction of calculi of various sizes by minimizing bleeding risk and tissue compression, simplifying the procedure, and reducing treatment duration.
Implementation Method 1
When a knife is stretched by operating a handy operating portion of the papillotome and radio-frequency current is applied thereto, a teat sphincter is incised and an exit of the bile duct is enlarged.
Implementation Method 2
a balloon which is attached to the sheath and is expandable with the supply of fluid from the second lumen
Data Source
AI summary
A medical instrument for an endoscope according to the invention is the medical instrument to be used in the endoscope by being inserted therein, and the medical instrument includes: a flexible elongated sheath having a first lumen and a second lumen; a conductive wire which is inserted into the first lumen and of which a portion of a distal side is exposed to the outside of the sheath as an instrument unit; and a balloon which is attached to the sheath and is expandable with the supply of fluid from the second lumen. The balloon is configured such that an axial dimension thereof is larger than a radial dimension upon expansion and a distal end of the balloon upon expansion is located closer to a proximal side than the treatment unit exposed from the sheath.