Energy Storage Molecular Material for High Density Capacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage devices, such as capacitors, face limitations in achieving high volumetric and mass density of stored energy, which hinders their practical application in devices like electric vehicles due to high volume, weight, and cost constraints.
Innovation Solution
Development of a low molecular weight dielectric crystalline material with a specific molecular structure that forms supramolecular stacks, providing high dielectric permeability and breakdown voltage, used in a crystal dielectric layer within capacitors to enhance energy storage capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional dielectric materials (ceramics, polymer film, paper) are used in capacitors, then the device structure is simple and manufacturing is easy, but the volumetric energy density and mass density of stored energy are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the molecular parameters of the dielectric material by introducing specific functional groups (polarization units P, insulating groups I) and controlling molecular weight to be relatively low. This transforms conventional dielectric materials into energy storage molecular materials with superior energy density while maintaining manufacturability through controlled molecular architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite molecular structure combining different functional components: predominantly planar polycyclic molecular systems (Cor) for structural integrity, polarization units (P) for high dielectric permittivity, and insulating substituent groups (I) for high breakdown voltage. This composite approach at the molecular level achieves high volumetric energy density while maintaining material processability.
2Quantity of substance
If high dielectric permittivity materials are used to increase energy storage, then the stored energy increases, but the breakdown voltage decreases due to percolation and continuous conductive paths
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by distributing different functional groups throughout the molecular structure: polarization units P are placed at specific positions to enhance dielectric permittivity locally, while insulating groups I are positioned to prevent percolation and maintain high breakdown voltage. This spatial distribution of functional properties resolves the contradiction between energy storage and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The insulating substituent groups I act as intermediaries that separate the conductive polarization units P, preventing the formation of continuous conductive paths while allowing the polarization units to maintain high dielectric permittivity. This intermediary structure enables both high stored energy and high breakdown voltage.
3Quantity of substance
If polymer materials are used as dielectric layers, then the manufacturing process is simple and cost is low, but the volumetric energy density and mass density are insufficient for practical applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the dielectric material by controlling molecular weight to be relatively low and introducing specific functional groups. This transforms conventional polymers into energy storage molecular materials with high volumetric and mass density while maintaining ease of manufacture through solution processing and crystal formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes phase transitions by forming crystalline dielectric layers from solution. The energy storage molecular material transitions from dissolved state to crystalline state, providing both high energy density through ordered molecular packing and ease of manufacture through solution-based processing techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution significantly increases the volumetric and mass density of stored energy while reducing material and manufacturing costs, enabling more efficient energy storage in capacitors.
Implementation Method 1
where Cor is a predominantly planar polycyclic molecular system which forms column-like supramolecular stacks by means of π-π-interaction
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides an energy storage molecular material, crystal dielectric layer and capacitor which may solve a problem of the further increase of volumetric and mass density of reserved energy associated with some energy storage devices, and at the same time reduce cost of materials.