Energy Store Charging via Machine Star Point

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional energy storage systems in electric vehicles and wind turbines face reliability issues due to the series connection of battery cells, where a single cell failure can cause the entire system to fail, leading to potential safety threats and system downtime.

Innovation Solution

A charging system that electrically connects energy storage cells to an external energy source without additional charge components, allowing simultaneous charging across all energy supply branches with individually set charging currents, using a current source or a voltage source with step-up converters and motor inductances to ensure reliable charging.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stress or pressure

If battery cells are connected in series to achieve high overall voltage, then the voltage requirement is met, but the system reliability deteriorates because a single cell failure causes the entire energy store to fail

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovevoltageVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The energy store is segmented into multiple independent energy supply branches, each capable of operating autonomously. This segmentation allows the system to maintain functionality even when individual branches fail, thus improving reliability while maintaining the required voltage levels through series connection within each branch.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each energy supply branch is equipped with individual coupling units that can independently control and bypass specific battery cells. This local control capability ensures that failures in one branch do not propagate to other branches, maintaining system reliability while achieving high voltage through series connection of cells within each branch.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Power

If additional battery cells are connected in parallel to increase maximum current, then the current capacity is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaximum currentVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the energy store into multiple energy supply branches with series-connected cells, eliminating the need for parallel connections to achieve high current. Each branch can be independently controlled to provide the required current capacity, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining power output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The coupling units dynamically control the connection and disconnection of battery cells in each energy supply branch, enabling flexible current distribution without requiring permanent parallel connections. This dynamic control achieves the required maximum current while simplifying the overall device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Ease of operation

If conventional charging systems are used with additional charge components, then the charging function is provided, but the device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging functionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The coupling units perform multiple functions: they control individual battery cells, enable bypassing of failed cells, and facilitate charging operations. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate charge components, reducing device complexity while maintaining ease of operation for charging.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The charging function is merged with the existing coupling units and energy supply branches. The coupling units that already control battery cell connections are also used to manage charging current distribution, eliminating the need for additional dedicated charging components and reducing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Object-affected harmful factors

If the entire energy store is interrupted due to a single cell failure, then the system safety is maintained, but the productivity and availability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem safetyVSAvoidsystem availability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The energy store is divided into independent energy supply branches, each with its own coupling units. When a cell failure occurs in one branch, only that branch is interrupted while other branches continue to operate, maintaining system availability and productivity while ensuring safety through isolated failure containment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of interrupting the entire energy store when a cell fails, the system inverts the approach by maintaining operation of healthy branches and isolating only the failed branch. This inversion of the conventional approach preserves productivity and availability while maintaining safety through selective interruption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances the reliability of energy storage systems by enabling simultaneous charging of all energy storage cells, reducing the risk of system failure and ensuring continuous operation, even in critical applications like wind turbines and electric vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

an external energy source (10, 10') which can be connected to the star point of the electrical machine (1)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

a voltage source (10'') whose voltage value is below the voltages of the energy supply branches (3-1 to 3-3). However, since the charging current is not automatically limited by the voltage source, this cannot easily be connected in parallel with the controllable energy store acting as a voltage source. However, this problem is solved in that the coupling units can be operated as step-up converters in conjunction with motor inductances of the electrical machine (1).

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2673864B1System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system
Publication Date: 2016.03.23 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP2673864B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2673864B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2673864B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a system for charging at least one energy storing cell (5) in a controllable energy store (2) that is used to control and supply electric energy to an n-phase electric machine (1), wherein n > 1. The controllable energy store (2) has n parallel energy supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3), each of which has at least two serially connected energy storing modules (4), each said energy storing module comprising at least one electric energy storing cell (5) with a corresponding controllable coupling unit (6). The energy supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) can be connected to a reference bus (T-), and each energy supply branch can be connected to a phase (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1). The coupling units (6) bridge the respective corresponding energy storing cells (5) or connect same into the respective energy supply branch (3-1, 3-2; 3-3) dependent on control signals. The aim of the invention is to allow at least one energy storing cell (5) to be charged. This is achieved in that an external energy source (10) can be connected to a neutral point (S) of the electric machine (1) and to the reference bus (T-).