Aircraft Engine Air Filter Bypass Shutter Mechanism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Modern helicopter engines face increased maintenance costs and performance reduction due to the absence of air filters at high altitudes, where impurities are minimal, leading to wear from foreign bodies during take-off and landing, and existing filtration systems are cumbersome and heavy.

Innovation Solution

A helicopter engine design featuring a tubular housing with a conical deflecting element and a shutter mechanism that allows air to bypass the air filter when not needed, using a separation wall with peripheral passageway openings and an electronic control unit to manage the shutter's position based on altitude and air pressure, ensuring efficient airflow and filtration only when necessary.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an air filter is installed in the air intake, then the engine is protected from impurities during take-off and landing, but the engine experiences load losses and performance reduction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine protection from impuritiesVSAvoidengine performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamic air filter system where the filtering element can move between a first position (blocking the air intake opening) and a second position (allowing air to pass through). This dynamic configuration allows the system to adapt to different operating conditions: the filter is active during take-off and landing when impurities are present, and inactive during high-altitude cruise when air is clean, thus resolving the contradiction between protection and performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameter of the air filter by moving it between two discrete positions. The filter element's position is changed based on altitude and impurity detection, allowing the system to optimize between filtration effectiveness and airflow resistance depending on environmental conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If an air filter is always installed, then the engine is protected from wear during take-off and landing, but maintenance costs increase due to filter replacement and cleaning

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine protection from wearVSAvoidmaintenance costs
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The movable air filter element allows the system to switch between filtration and bypass modes, extending filter life by not continuously operating it. The filter is only engaged when impurities are detected or during low-altitude operations, reducing the frequency of maintenance interventions and associated costs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If a movable filtering panel mechanism is added to allow bypass, then air can freely flow into the housing, but the mechanism becomes complicated and heavy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveairflow freedomVSAvoidmechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of a complex centralized mechanism, the patent uses a simple local movable element within the air filter assembly that can shift between positions. This localized simple mechanism achieves the bypass function without requiring complicated linkages or heavy structural modifications to the overall air intake system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Productivity

If a deflecting element is used to create a bypass opening, then air can bypass the filter, but the bypass opening has a relatively small air passageway section

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebypass airflowVSAvoidbypass air passageway section
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The movable air filter element, when retracted to its second position, creates a bypass passage with sufficient cross-sectional area. The dynamic retraction of the filter element opens up a larger bypass channel compared to fixed deflecting elements, ensuring adequate airflow capacity during high-altitude operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design allows safe operation in dusty areas by filtering air during take-off and landing while minimizing performance loss at high altitudes by bypassing the air filter, reducing maintenance costs and simplifying the manufacturing process.

Implementation Method 1

an air filter (9) having a tubular shape with a front filtering element (10) with a conical shape and a rear filtering element (11) with a cylindrical shape

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiltration: Filter (physical)

Implementation Method 2

there is arranged a deflecting element (13) with a conical shape, which is housed inside the tubular housing (3), rests against a front base wall of the air filter (9) and closes the front base wall itself

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow direction control:

Implementation Method 3

A shutter mechanism (15, 16) is provided, which allows the peripheral passageway openings (14) to be opened or closed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical actuation:

Implementation Method 4

an electronic control unit to manage the shutter's position based on altitude and air pressure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure sensing:

Data Source

PatentEP3121416B1Aircraft engine comprising an intake pipe provided with an air filter and an air filter bypass opening
Publication Date: 2018.09.12 BMC SRL
  • EP3121416B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3121416B1 patent drawingFigure 4
  • EP3121416B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

An engine (2) of an aircraft (1) having: a tubular housing (3) provided with an air intake opening (4), through which the engine (2) takes in the external air needed to operate; at least one air filter (9), which is arranged in the tubular housing (3); and a separation wall (8) with an annular shape, which separates a front intake chamber (6) containing the air filter (9) from a rear propulsion chamber (7) and has a first passageway through opening (12), which establishes a pneumatic communication on the inside of the air filter (9) with the rear propulsion chamber (7); the separation wall (8) has at least one second passageway through opening (14), which is arranged on the outside of the air filter (9) and directly establishes a pneumatic communication between the intake chamber (6) and the propulsion chamber (7); and there is provided at least one motor-driven shutter element (15), which is designed to close the second passageway opening (14).