Internal Combustion Engine Air Hybrid Operation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Internal combustion engines face ongoing challenges in reducing fuel consumption, exhaust gas pollution, and operational efficiency, particularly in vehicles like trucks, where existing engine concepts do not fully leverage power utilization or efficiently switch between propulsion modes.

Innovation Solution

An internal combustion engine arrangement featuring a combustion cylinder, an expansion cylinder, and a pressure tank, allowing operation in multiple modes: engine braking, air hybrid, and normal modes, where the expansion cylinder acts as a gas pump to compress and store gas in the pressure tank, enabling efficient power delivery and reduced fuel consumption by utilizing compressed gas from the tank when needed.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional power cylinders are combined with pre-compression stage and expansion stage, then engine efficiency and power utilization are improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine efficiencyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the compression cylinder and expansion cylinder into a single integrated engine unit, where the compression cylinder serves dual purposes: compressing air for combustion and storing compressed air for later expansion. This merging of functions reduces the number of separate components while maintaining the multi-stage process benefits, thereby improving engine efficiency without proportionally increasing device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The compression cylinder is designed to perform multiple functions: it compresses air during the power stroke, stores the compressed air in an associated tank, and can later expand the stored air to drive the expansion piston. This multi-functionality allows a single component to replace what would traditionally require separate components, improving productivity while managing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If additional engine propelled by another type of propellant is combined, then power utilization is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower utilizationVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the combustion engine's own compressed air output to serve the expansion stage, eliminating the need for a separate external power source. The compressed air generated during normal combustion operation is captured and stored, then reused to drive the expansion piston, creating a self-sufficient system that improves power utilization without requiring additional complex propulsion systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of discarding the compressed air after the power stroke, the system recovers and stores it in an associated tank. This recovered compressed air is then later used to drive the expansion piston, converting what would be wasted energy into useful work and improving overall power utilization without adding external propulsion systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

3Loss of energy

If compressed gas is stored in pressure tank for later use, then energy utilization is improved, but device complexity and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy utilizationVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary compression of air during the power stroke and stores the compressed air in an associated tank before it is needed for the expansion stage. This preliminary action allows the expansion piston to be driven by pre-stored compressed air, improving energy utilization by capturing and retaining energy that would otherwise be lost, while the tank serves as a simple storage medium rather than a complex energy management system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration reduces fuel consumption, allows for efficient energy utilization, and enables the engine to operate as both an internal combustion engine and air hybrid vehicle, optimizing power delivery and reducing overall vehicle cost and weight by combining with electric motor propulsion.

Implementation Method 1

compressed gas generated in the expansion cylinder is delivered to the pressure tank

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

compressed gas contained in the pressure tank is delivered from the pressure tank to the expansion cylinder

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure storage: Pressurisation

Data Source

PatentEP3679231B1Internal combustion engine arrangement
Publication Date: 2021.11.03 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP3679231B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3679231B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3679231B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b

AI summary

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine arrangement (100) for a vehicle (1), said internal combustion engine arrangement (100) comprising a combustion cylinder (106) housing a reciprocating combustion piston, and an expansion cylinder (110) housing a reciprocating expansion piston, said expansion cylinder (110) being arranged in downstream fluid communication with the combustion cylinder (106) for receiving combustion gases exhausted from the combustion cylinder (106), wherein the internal combustion engine arrangement (100) further comprises a pressure tank (112) arranged in fluid communication with the expansion cylinder (110), wherein the internal combustion engine arrangement (100) is further arranged to be operated in a first operating mode in which compressed gas generated in the expansion cylinder (110) is delivered to the pressure tank (112), and a second operating mode in which compressed gas contained in the pressure tank (112) is delivered from the pressure tank (112) to the expansion cylinder (110).