Internal Combustion Engine Bleed Air Turbine System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Internal combustion engines face challenges in maintaining efficient power delivery and reducing emissions, particularly at high altitudes where turbocharger air pressure is insufficient, and existing exhaust gas recirculation systems require additional devices that increase complexity and cost.
Innovation Solution
The system incorporates a bleed air channel diverting compressed air from the compressor to a second turbine to recover energy, with heat exchange using waste heat sources like exhaust gases to enhance energy recovery and reduce emissions, while maintaining efficient combustion and drivability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stress or pressure
If the turbocharger is sped up to provide more air at high altitude, then the air pressure for the engine is improved, but the turbocharger runs the risk of overspeed
Solution Approach 1:
A bleed air channel is introduced as an intermediary component that diverts a portion of compressed air from the first compressor to a second turbine. This mediator allows the system to control turbocharger speed and air pressure independently, enabling high altitude performance without exceeding the first turbine's safe operating speed
Solution Approach 2:
The air supply function is segmented into two separate turbine-compressor systems: the first turbine-compressor pair handles primary air charging, while the second turbine handles bleed air expansion. This segmentation allows each turbine to operate within optimal speed ranges while collectively achieving the required air pressure for high altitude operation
2Stress or pressure
If the first turbine capacity is increased to provide more air at high altitude, then the air supply is improved, but the unused capacity represents wasted energy
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of discarding the bleed air after compression, the system recovers energy by expanding it through the second turbine. The bleed air channel diverts compressed air to the second turbine, which extracts additional energy from the air before it enters the engine, thereby recovering what would otherwise be wasted capacity from the first turbine
Solution Approach 2:
The second turbine enables continuous useful action by extracting energy from the bleed air throughout the operating range. Rather than having the first turbine operate with unused capacity, the system continuously utilizes the compressed air's energy potential through the second turbine's expansion process
3Adaptability or versatility
If additional devices are added to the exhaust gas recirculation system to improve high altitude performance, then the drivability is improved, but the device complexity and space requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The bleed air channel and second turbine serve multiple functions simultaneously: they enable high altitude performance, recover energy from compressed air, and work integrally with the existing exhaust gas recirculation system. This multi-functionality achieves improved adaptability without proportionally increasing device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The second turbine is integrated with the existing turbocharger assembly and exhaust gas recirculation system, merging multiple functions into a unified structure. The bleed air channel is incorporated into the existing air intake and EGR pathways, combining high altitude compensation with emissions control in a single integrated system
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration improves fuel economy, reduces emissions, and maintains efficient combustion at high altitudes by effectively utilizing the first turbine's capacity and recovering energy, while minimizing additional devices and space requirements.
Implementation Method 1
a second turbine (15) arranged for receiving bleed air from the bleed air channel (18) to recover energy from the bleed air channel (18)
Implementation Method 2
heat exchange using waste heat sources like exhaust gases to enhance energy recovery
Data Source
AI summary
An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an exhaust system, an exhaust gas recirculation circuit and a turbocharger including a first turbine interacting with a first compressor for charging air to the internal combustion engine. An exhaust gas recirculation passage is arranged to divert exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine upstream the first turbine and to debouch the exhaust gases downstream the first compressor. The internal combustion engine includes a bleed air channel which is located to divert compressed air at a location in or down¬stream from the first compressor and upstream of the internal combustion engine. A second turbine is arranged for receiving bleed air from the bleed air channel to recover energy from the bleed air channel. A vehicle including such an internal combustion engine system is also provided.