Aircraft Engine Chip Detection with Dynamic Resistance Thresholds

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current magnetic chip detectors in aircraft engines lack effective methods for dynamically adjusting thresholds based on engine conditions and flight missions, leading to inadequate detection of metallic chips, which can indicate engine failures or normal wear.

Innovation Solution

A system that measures resistance values across magnetic chip detectors and uses an engine computer to dynamically set thresholds based on current engine conditions and flight missions, issuing warnings for chip presence and circuit malfunctions, with the ability to display chip size and have independently tunable thresholds for multiple detectors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If fixed threshold detection is used in magnetic chip detectors, then the detection system is simple to operate, but the detection accuracy is insufficient for varying engine conditions and flight missions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechip detection accuracyVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic threshold adjustment by continuously monitoring engine operating parameters (RPM, temperature, pressure) and flight mission data, then automatically adapting the chip detection threshold accordingly. This transforms the static detection system into a dynamic one that optimizes detection accuracy for varying engine conditions and flight phases without requiring manual intervention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the detection threshold parameter based on engine operating conditions and flight mission data. By adjusting the threshold parameter dynamically according to real-time engine parameters and historical flight data, the system achieves high detection accuracy across different operating scenarios while maintaining automated operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If dynamic threshold adjustment based on engine conditions is implemented, then chip detection accuracy is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechip detection accuracyVSAvoidthreshold adjustment mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The engine computer is designed to perform multiple functions: it monitors engine parameters for performance optimization, stores flight mission data for analysis, and simultaneously manages the dynamic chip detection threshold adjustment. By making the engine computer multi-functional, the patent avoids adding separate dedicated hardware for threshold adjustment, thus improving detection accuracy while minimizing additional system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines the chip detection threshold adjustment function with the existing engine computer and parameter monitoring systems. By merging the dynamic threshold adjustment logic into the existing engine control architecture that already processes engine parameters and flight data, the system achieves enhanced detection accuracy without creating a separate complex subsystem.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If multiple magnetic chip detectors with independently tunable thresholds are deployed, then comprehensive chip detection coverage is achieved, but the system complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechip detection reliabilityVSAvoidmultiple detectors system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the engine's fluid system into multiple monitoring zones by deploying several magnetic chip detectors at different locations. Each detector is assigned an independently tunable threshold optimized for its specific location and function (e.g., differentiating between normal wear chips and critical failure chips). This segmentation enables comprehensive coverage and improved reliability while allowing each detector to operate with simplified, location-specific parameters managed by the centralized engine computer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances the accuracy of chip detection by providing timely warnings for potential engine issues, distinguishing between critical and non-critical chip sizes, and detecting circuit malfunctions, thereby improving aircraft engine health monitoring and maintenance.

Implementation Method 1

magnetic chip detectors have two spaced-apart magnetic prongs positioned in the fluid such that, when attracted metallic chips bridge the gap between the two prongs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic attraction: Magnetism

Implementation Method 2

measuring a resistance value with a resistance measurement circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3279650B1Systems and methods for detecting chips in fluid of aircraft engine
Publication Date: 2023.09.13 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP3279650B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3279650B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3279650B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is described herein methods and systems for detecting of metallic chips in a fluid system of an aircraft engine. The method comprises measuring a resistance value across a magnetic chip detector mounted to a fluid system of the aircraft engine and transmitting the resistance value to an engine computer of the aircraft engine. The method further comprises, in the engine computer, comparing the resistance value to a first threshold and issuing a first warning indicative of a chip in the fluid when the resistance value exceeds the first threshold.