Engine Compartment Heat Exchanger for Intake Air Preheating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Internal combustion engines face efficiency issues due to low intake air temperatures and ice formation in heavy icing environments, which can be costly to address through preheating processes.

Innovation Solution

An engine compartment system with a heat exchanger that uses 'waste' heat from the engine to preheat air before it enters the engine, incorporating a selector valve to switch between external and internal air sources based on conditions, and a forced air system to manage airflow and temperature.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If preheating process is used to warm intake air, then engine efficiency is improved, but cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine efficiencyVSAvoidcost
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the harmful cold air from the environment into a beneficial preheated air source by using it to cool the engine via the heat exchanger, while simultaneously warming the air that needs to be supplied to the engine. This eliminates the need for costly external preheating systems while improving engine efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The engine assembly serves itself by using its own operational characteristics (hot exhaust gases and cooling fluid) to preheat the intake air through the heat exchanger. The system automatically regulates air intake temperatures without requiring external preheating equipment, reducing manufacturing cost while maintaining engine efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If air is taken from environment in heavy icing conditions, then ice particles and supercooled water droplets enter engine, but if air is preheated externally, then cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveice coating preventionVSAvoidcost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the harmful cold environmental air into a beneficial de-icing medium. The heat exchanger uses this cold air to cool the engine while simultaneously warming the intake air to prevent ice coating on engine components, eliminating the need for costly external preheating systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchanger acts as an intermediary device that mediates between the cold environmental air and the engine intake air. It transfers heat from the engine cooling fluid to the intake air, preventing ice formation without requiring direct external preheating, thus reducing cost while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Adaptability or versatility

If selector valve switches between external and internal air sources, then adaptability to different conditions is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair source selectionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger serves multiple functions: it cools the engine, preheats the intake air, and enables selective air source switching. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated components, maintaining adaptability while minimizing the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adapts to different operating conditions by using the selector valve to switch between external and internal air sources based on environmental conditions. The heat exchanger continuously adjusts heat transfer to maintain optimal air temperatures, providing adaptability without excessive complexity through intelligent control rather than mechanical complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This system effectively manages air temperature and reduces the need for costly preheating by utilizing engine-generated heat to warm intake air, improving engine efficiency and performance in cold conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a heat exchanger configured to provide a heat exchange relationship between a fluid circulating in a fluid circuit of the internal combustion engine and an airflow circulating in a second conduit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

a forced air system operable in use to draw an air flow from the environment into the engine compartment through the heat exchanger

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForced convection: Forced Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3396148B1Engine assembly in compartment
Publication Date: 2024.08.28 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP3396148B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3396148B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3396148B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An engine assembly (10) including an internal combustion engine (12) configured to be received in an engine compartment (100) and a heat exchanger (20) having a first conduit (22) fluidly connected to a fluid circuitry (23) of the engine (12) and a second conduit (24) fluidly connecting an interior (108) of the engine compartment (100) to its environment (110). The first conduit (22) is in heat exchange relationship with the second conduit (24). The assembly (10) further includes a forced air system (28) operable in use to provide an air flow from the environment (110) to the outlet (104) via the second conduit (24) of the heat exchanger (20) and the engine compartment (100). The assembly (10) further includes a selector valve (30) configurable to selectively fluidly connect an air intake (18) of the internal combustion engine (12) with the interior (108) of the engine compartment (100) in a first valve position and with the environment (110) in a second valve position.