Engine Exhaust Gas Leakage Detection via Intake Air Monitoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Leakage of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines leads to emission limit exceedances and corrosion issues, particularly when using fuels with high sulfur content and water injection, causing severe damage if not detected promptly.

Innovation Solution

Monitoring the concentration of exhaust gas components, such as SO2, in the intake air to detect leaks and triggering an alarm or terminating water injection to prevent engine damage, using easily retrofittable gas sensors in the engine room or intake system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If water injection is used to reduce emissions, then emission control is improved, but corrosion damage increases when exhaust gas leaks are present

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemission controlVSAvoidcorrosion damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The gas sensor detects exhaust gas components (CO, CO2, HC, O2, NOx, SO2) in the intake air before water injection occurs. When exhaust gas is detected in the intake system, the system terminates water injection in advance, preventing the formation of corrosive sulfuric acid that would damage the engine. This preliminary detection and preventive action resolves the contradiction by maintaining emission control benefits while avoiding corrosion damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If exhaust gas leakage is not detected, then operation continues uninterrupted, but severe engine damage occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operationVSAvoidengine damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system continuously monitors the intake air for exhaust gas components using a gas sensor and provides feedback to the control unit. When exhaust gas is detected above threshold levels, the control unit receives feedback and terminates water injection, preventing engine damage. This closed-loop feedback system ensures continuous operation only when safe, resolving the contradiction between uninterrupted operation and engine protection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If gas sensors are installed in the intake system, then leak detection precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveleak detection precisionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gas sensor is positioned in the intake air path, using the intake air as an intermediary medium to transport exhaust gas components from the leak site to the detection point. This intermediary approach allows detection of exhaust gas leaks without requiring direct access to the exhaust system, achieving high detection precision while minimizing additional system complexity. The control unit processes sensor signals and automatically controls water injection termination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables timely detection and mitigation of exhaust gas leakage, preventing severe engine damage by stopping water injection when SO2 levels exceed predetermined limits, thus protecting the engine from corrosive effects.

Implementation Method 1

concentration of an exhaust gas component in the intake air is monitored

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas detection:

Implementation Method 2

engines with water injection into the intake duct or into the cylinders

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporative cooling: Evaporative Cooler

Data Source

PatentEP2751413B1Internal combustion engine arrangement and operating method
Publication Date: 2016.01.20 WARTSILA FINLAND OY
  • EP2751413B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) that is located in an engine room (9), in which method the concentration of an exhaust gas component in the intake air is monitored. The invention also concerns an internal combustion engine arrangement.