Direct-Injection Engine Fuel Injection Pattern Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing methods for determining the injection pattern in the compression stroke of direct-injection internal combustion engines are inefficient and prone to fuel fouling, leading to incorrect air-fuel mixing and particulate formation.
Innovation Solution
A control unit and method that determine the injection pattern by calculating the quantity and timing of fuel injection during the compression stroke, using maps and algorithms to adjust for temperature, engine speed, and load, allowing for partial injections and optimizing the injection pattern to prevent fuel fouling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If fuel is injected during the compression stroke, then air-fuel mixing is improved, but fuel fouling of piston crown and cylinder walls occurs leading to particulate formation
Solution Approach 1:
The injection pattern is segmented into multiple discrete injection events within the compression stroke, with each injection targeted at specific crank angle positions. This segmentation allows precise control over where and when fuel is introduced, ensuring it mixes with air in the combustion chamber rather than fouling the piston crown or cylinder walls.
Solution Approach 2:
Fuel injection occurs during the compression stroke before combustion, allowing the fuel to be introduced into the combustion chamber when the piston is at an optimal position. This preliminary action ensures proper air-fuel mixing occurs in the chamber volume rather than on surfaces, preventing fouling while achieving accurate mixing ratios.
2Productivity
If injection pattern is optimized for each cylinder, then combustion efficiency is improved, but control system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit implements a universal control algorithm that can determine optimal injection patterns for any cylinder based on common operating parameters (engine speed, load, temperature). This multi-functional approach allows the same control logic to adapt to individual cylinder conditions without requiring separate complex control systems for each cylinder.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system uses sensor data from each cylinder to automatically adjust injection patterns without external intervention. The system self-regulates by monitoring cylinder-specific parameters and dynamically modifying injection timing and quantity, achieving optimized combustion efficiency through autonomous adaptation rather than complex manual control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach ensures accurate air-fuel mixing, prevents fuel fouling, and optimizes combustion efficiency, reducing emissions and improving engine performance while being cost-effective and adaptable to individual cylinder differences.
Implementation Method 1
Fuel is injected in the combustion chamber during the intake stroke and/or during the subsequent compression stroke
Implementation Method 2
the electrodes of the spark plug produce the spark which ignites the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder
Implementation Method 3
the electrodes of the spark plug produce the spark which ignites the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder starting the combustion itself, which produces an increase of temperature and pressure
Implementation Method 4
the piston rises from bottom dead center to top dead center, thus compressing the air and fuel mixture which is in the cylinder, causing an increase of pressure and of temperature
Data Source
AI summary
A method to determine the injection pattern in the compression stroke of the combustion cycle of the cylinders of a direct-injection internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of determining the initial quantity of fuel and an objective quantity of fuel to be injected for each partial injection of a maximum number of partial injections; determining an effective quantity of fuel to be injected for each partial injection as a function of the respective initial quantity of fuel and of the respective objective quantity of fuel; and determining an objective pattern of partial injections to be performed in the compression stroke as a function of the value of the end of injection angle and of the effective quantity of fuel to be injected for each partial injection of a maximum number of partial injections to be performed in the compression stroke.