Engine Reference Value Control for Emission Calibration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Internal combustion engines face challenges in balancing power delivery, fuel efficiency, and emission control, particularly in meeting stringent emission standards like EPA Tier 4 Final requirements, which often require trade-offs between these performance metrics.
Innovation Solution
A control system that interprets a basis variable set including engine speed, commanded fueling, and in-cylinder oxygen concentration to determine a reference value set, which includes a start-of-injection command, and provides fueling commands to optimize engine performance across various conditions while meeting emissions requirements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If engine systems are calibrated to meet performance requirements under varying conditions, then power delivery and emissions control are improved, but calibration complexity and time consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The calibration process is segmented into distinct phases: determining basis variables (engine speed, commanded fueling, in-cylinder oxygen concentration), calculating reference values, and generating control commands. This segmentation allows systematic calibration across different operating conditions without overwhelming complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes key parameters (basis variables and reference values) based on operating conditions to achieve emissions compliance. By adjusting fueling commands and injection timing based on measured oxygen concentration and engine speed, the system adapts to varying conditions efficiently
2Use of energy by moving object
If engine systems are calibrated to meet performance requirements under varying conditions, then fuel efficiency is improved, but calibration complexity and time consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The calibration methodology segments the fuel efficiency optimization into manageable steps: measuring basis variables, determining reference fueling values, and adjusting control commands. This structured approach reduces calibration time while achieving fuel efficiency improvements
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses feedback from in-cylinder oxygen concentration measurements to adjust fueling commands and achieve optimal fuel efficiency. This closed-loop control enables efficient calibration by continuously monitoring and adjusting based on actual combustion conditions
3Reliability
If the control system determines reference value sets for multiple subsystems, then system performance and emissions control are improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The controller serves multiple functions by determining reference value sets for different subsystems (fuel system, air handling system, aftertreatment system) using a unified methodology based on common basis variables. This multi-functionality improves emissions control without proportionally increasing complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The system manages complexity by changing parameters systematically - using a consistent set of basis variables (engine speed, commanded fueling, oxygen concentration) to determine reference values across multiple subsystems, creating a coordinated control approach
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and apparatuses for calibration and control of various engine subsystems using a target value approach. Under the target value approach, the control of each engine subsystem is separated or decoupled to include a set of target values, or a reference value set. A subsystem has a corresponding target determiner, which provides a target value set, or reference value set, in response to a basis variable set and optionally an overall subsystem target. The basis variable set includes parameters selected to robustly characterize the variables that affect the operation of the particular subsystem. The target determiner is optionally calibrated to provide a reference value set within specifications of the subsystem. A physical subsystem controller operates in response to the reference value set.