Entanglement Swapping via Combined BSM Logic in Quantum Networks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing quantum communication networks face limitations due to photon losses, which restrict the distance covered by a single entangled photon-pair source, necessitating the use of quantum repeaters to extend the communication range, but current methods either compromise generation rate or implementation complexity.

Innovation Solution

A method and network architecture that employs entangled photon-pair generation, Bell-state measurements, and combined Boolean logic operations to synchronize and process quantum states across multiple nodes, reducing complexity and enhancing entanglement swapping efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a full Bell-state measurement is performed resulting in a pair of bits indicative for the measurement result, then the entangled photon-pair generation rate is high, but the implementation complexity is relatively high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveentangled photon-pair generation rateVSAvoidimplementation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple Bell-state measurement results (multiple bits) into a single consolidated measurement outcome. This merging approach allows the system to achieve high entangled photon-pair generation rates equivalent to full Bell-state measurements while reducing implementation complexity by treating the combined result as a single measurement event rather than multiple separate operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the quantum communication chain into multiple elementary links with quantum repeaters at intermediate nodes. Each repeater performs localized Bell-state measurements on adjacent links, and the results are combined through classical communication. This segmentation allows distributed post-processing that reduces overall system complexity while maintaining high generation rates across the entire chain

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Device complexity

If the implementation complexity is reduced by omitting the unitary transformation unit, then the complexity is lower, but the entangled photon-pair generation rate is strongly reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimplementation complexityVSAvoidentangled photon-pair generation rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces classical communication as an intermediary between Bell-state measurements and the final entanglement establishment. The classical bits from multiple BSMs are combined and used to control distributed post-processing operations at the endpoints. This intermediary mechanism enables the system to achieve high generation rates without requiring complex unitary transformation units at intermediate repeaters

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent moves the complexity from the quantum domain (unitary transformation units at repeaters) to the classical domain (classical communication and distributed post-processing). By transitioning the control mechanism to another dimension (classical bits and logic operations), the system reduces quantum implementation complexity while maintaining high entangled photon-pair generation rates through coordinated endpoint operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables high entangled photon-pair generation rates with modest complexity by optimizing entanglement swapping through synchronized Bell-state measurements and distributed post-processing, thereby extending communication distances in quantum networks.

Implementation Method 1

The EPPS operates for example on the basis of spontaneous parametric down conversion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpontaneous parametric down conversion:

Data Source

PatentEP4668669A1Quantum information network and method of entanglement swapping therein
Publication Date: 2025.12.24 NEDERLANDSE ORG VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO
  • EP4668669A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4668669A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4668669A1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

The present application provides a method of entanglement swapping in a quantum information network (1) comprising a plurality of nodes including a first and a second endpoint (11a, 11e) and a sequence of intermediary nodes (11b, 11c, 11d) linking the first and the second endpoint. The claimed method comprises repeated entanglement swapping mediated by a BSM-based LOCC between two adjacent elementary links. Upon confirming that all Bell-state measurements are successful, a combined quantum state postprocessing is performed that is conditional on a result of a combined Boolean logic operation. The present application further pertains to a corresponding quantum information network and to an intermediary node for the network.