ENUM Query System for Real-Time Spam Call Classification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Users of modern telecommunication systems often receive unwanted calls, such as spam or telemarketing calls, which can only be blocked after answering, as existing call ID services do not provide sufficient information to distinguish between wanted and unwanted calls.
Innovation Solution
A system utilizing ENUM queries and a status verification parameter to classify and route inbound calls, where the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) generates queries for Calling Party Number and Called Party Number in an E.164 Number to URI Mapping database, allowing for real-time classification and notification to the user, enabling automatic blocking or routing of spam calls.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of information
If existing call ID services are used to identify unknown callers, then the user can see the caller's telephone number, but the user cannot effectively distinguish between wanted and unwanted calls without answering the call first
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs call classification and identification before the user receives the call. The network server queries the ENUM database to determine if the calling number is classified as spam, scam, or normal, and sends this classification information to the user's device in advance. This allows the user to see not just the number but also the pre-determined classification, enabling informed decisions about whether to answer without having to answer first to find out.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If users manually create blocked number lists to avoid unwanted calls, then they can block specific numbers, but they must initially answer each unknown call to decide whether to block it
Solution Approach 1:
The network server performs the classification action before the call reaches the user. By querying the ENUM database in advance and sending classification results to the user's device, the system eliminates the need for users to manually evaluate and block numbers after answering calls. The classification is already done, saving the user time and effort.
Solution Approach 2:
The system enables automatic blocking based on pre-received classification information. When the user receives a call with spam/scam classification, the device can automatically block it without user intervention. This self-service capability reduces both the time users spend evaluating calls and the harmful impact of unwanted calls.
3Loss of information
If the system performs ENUM queries for every inbound call to classify it, then real-time classification information is provided to users, but network resources are consumed by repeated classification processes
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs ENUM database queries in advance, before the call is fully established. By determining the classification status beforehand and sending it to the user's device, the system avoids repeated queries during the call setup process. This preliminary action reduces network resource consumption while still providing real-time classification information to users.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for classifying and routing an inbound call using ENUM queries are described. When a calling party initiates an inbound call, an Interconnect Session Border Controller (I-SBC) may generates a query for a calling party number (CgPN) and a called party number (CdPN) to search CgPN information and personal number block (PNB) information in a first E.164 Number to URI Mapping (ENUM) database. If the I-SBC is able to check the CgPN using the first ENUM database, the I-SBC may set a parameter of the inbound call to a first status to avoid further checking. Otherwise, the I-SBC may set the parameter to a second status, and the inbound call, tagged with a service provider identification (SPID) number associated with the classification found in one or more of the ENUM databases, is processed based on the SPID.