Enzymatic Electrode Direct Electron Transfer Glucose Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) systems using glucose oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes rely on indirect electron transfer mechanisms with toxic electron mediators, which are unsuitable for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) due to toxicity and leakage concerns, hindering the development of advanced glucose monitoring technologies.
Innovation Solution
An enzymatic electrode system that facilitates direct electron transfer (DET) between oxidoreductases, coenzyme reductases, and the electrode surface without the need for electron mediators, utilizing a conductive substrate with immobilized glucose dehydrogenase and coenzyme reductase enzymes, enabling direct communication and stable glucose detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional indirect electron transfer mechanism with electron mediators is used, then glucose detection can be achieved, but toxicity and leakage of mediators occur making the system unsuitable for CGM
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes electron mediators from the enzymatic electrode system, extracting the harmful component while preserving the glucose detection function through direct electron transfer between enzymes and the electrode surface
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a conductive substrate as an intermediary that enables direct electron transfer between oxidoreductases and the electrode, replacing the need for toxic electron mediators while maintaining detection functionality
2Object-affected harmful factors
If direct electron transfer mechanism is used, then non-toxicity and stability are improved, but the system requires conductive substrate with immobilized enzymes which increases device complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The enzymatic electrode system is designed to be self-sufficient by immobilizing both oxidoreductases and coenzyme reductases on the conductive substrate, enabling direct electron transfer without external mediators and reducing system complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The enzymatic electrode system achieves specific substrate selectivity, non-toxicity, and stability, with a detection limit within the human blood glucose range (0-30 mM), suitable for commercial applications and potential use in both BGM and CGM systems.
Implementation Method 1
achieve direct electron transfer (DET) through the unique binding of enzymes to the electrode surface
Implementation Method 2
The surface or interior of the conductive substrate contains oxidoreductases, coenzyme reductases, and optional coenzymes
Data Source
AI summary
The present application discloses an enzymatic electrode system and its applications. The enzymatic electrode system comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an optional reference electrode. The working electrode includes an electrode support substrate and a conductive substrate located at the top of the electrode support substrate. The surface or interior of the conductive substrate contains oxidoreductases, coenzyme reductases, and optional coenzymes. This application utilizes a comprehensive enzymatic electrode system incorporating oxidoreductases, coenzyme reductases, and coenzymes for the detection of specific substances in samples, such as glucose, lactate, ketones, and the like.