Enzymatic Removal of Electronegative LDL via Glycan and Ceramide Hydrolysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods fail to effectively eliminate electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases by damaging vascular endothelial cells and causing systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis, as it is undetectable in normal human bodies and not addressed by traditional LDL cholesterol indicators.
Innovation Solution
A biochemistry reactive material and device that contacts blood or plasma with an enzyme composition, specifically sialidase or ceramidase, to eliminate the glycan residues or ceramides from electronegative LDL, reducing its harmful effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional LDL cholesterol indicators are used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk, then the measurement is simple and widely applicable, but electronegative LDL cannot be detected and its harmful effects are not addressed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses lectins as intermediary substances that specifically bind to glycan residues on electronegative LDL particles. This binding enables detection and elimination of electronegative LDL through the lectin's affinity for the glycan moieties, making the previously undetectable particles measurable and targetable without requiring complex direct detection methods
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of electronegative LDL by removing glycan residues through enzymatic treatment with glycosidases or by using lectins that bind to these residues. This parameter change (removal of glycan moieties) eliminates the electronegative form of LDL while preserving normal LDL function, thereby addressing the detection and treatment contradiction
2Object-affected harmful factors
If electronegative LDL is eliminated by removing glycan residues or ceramides, then the harmful effects on endothelial cells are reduced, but additional enzymatic steps are required beyond traditional LDL management
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful components (glycan residues and ceramides) from electronegative LDL particles using specific enzymes. By taking out these problematic moieties, the treatment eliminates the harmful effects on endothelial cells while converting electronegative LDL back to its normal, non-harmful form
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs enzymatic reactions where glycosidases and ceramidases naturally catalyze the removal of glycan residues and ceramides from LDL particles. The biological system's own enzymatic capabilities are harnessed to perform the therapeutic function, reducing the need for external intervention complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively reduces the content of electronegative LDL, thereby minimizing its harmful effects on endothelial cells and potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Implementation Method 1
The first enzyme is for eliminating a glycan residue of an electronegative LDL
Implementation Method 2
The second enzyme is for eliminating ceramide carried by an electronegative low-density lipoprotein
Data Source
AI summary
A method for ex vivo treating blood or plasma is provided. The method includes (a) ex vivo contacting a blood or plasma with an enzyme composition to react the enzyme composition with the blood or plasma, wherein the enzyme composition is capable of eliminating electronegative low-density lipoprotein from the blood or plasma by the activity of the enzyme composition, and the enzyme composition is selected from a group consisting of: a first enzyme for eliminating a glycan residue of an electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL); a second enzyme for eliminating ceramide carried by a electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL); and a combination thereof; and (b) terminating contact between the blood or plasma and the enzyme composition to terminate the reaction of the enzyme composition with the blood or plasma.