EPA Formulations Using Selective Extraction and Phospholipid Retention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current EPA formulations from fish oil and krill oil face issues such as depletion of fisheries, low EPA content, presence of competing Omega-3 compounds, and degradation of phospholipids during refinement, leading to reduced bioavailability and variability in EPA delivery.
Innovation Solution
Development of EPA compositions with increased concentrations of EPA in bioavailable forms like free fatty acid, phospholipid, and glycolipid conjugates, and reduced or eliminated concentrations of less bioavailable forms, without docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to enhance bioavailability and stability, using algal sources like Nannochloropsis oculata for production.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If fish oil or krill oil is used as the source of EPA formulations, then EPA can be obtained, but the EPA content is relatively low and there is variability in EPA content based on natural variance within and between species
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the EPA component from the complex mixture of Omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil and krill oil.通过使用选择性提取方法，从含有多种Omega-3脂肪酸的原料中分离出EPA，去除了DHA和其他六种Omega-3化合物，从而获得了高纯度且含量稳定的EPA产品，解决了天然来源中EPA含量低和 variability 的问题
Solution Approach 2:
通过改变EPA的化学形式参数，将其从甘油三酯形式转换为更生物利用的形式（游离脂肪酸、磷脂、糖脂共轭物），提高了EPA的吸收利用率。同时通过精炼工艺参数控制，消除了其他Omega-3脂肪酸的干扰，实现了EPA含量的精确控制和高纯度
2Adaptability or versatility
If other Omega-3 compounds are present in the mixture, then the source material is more complete, but they compete with EPA for access to protein receptors and decrease the effectiveness of EPA
Solution Approach 1:
从含有8种Omega-3脂肪酸的磷虾油或鱼油中，通过选择性提取技术将EPA单独分离出来，去除了DHA、EPA异构体等其他Omega-3化合物。这样既保留了EPA的完整性和纯度，又消除了其他Omega-3脂肪酸与EPA竞争蛋白质受体的问题，提高了EPA的作用效果
Solution Approach 2:
在Omega-3脂肪酸混合物中，针对EPA这一特定成分进行局部优化，通过选择性提取使其以单一成分形式存在，而不是作为混合物的一部分。这种局部质量的提升使得EPA能够独占受体结合位点，避免了其他Omega-3脂肪酸的竞争性抑制
3Stability of the object's composition
If phospholipids are removed through degumming steps during refinement, then the oil is more stable, but phospholipids are destroyed and final product contains less than 0.5 wt % phospholipids, reducing bioavailability
Solution Approach 1:
从鱼油或磷虾油中提取EPA时，不去除磷脂成分，而是保留它们作为EPA的载体。通过选择性提取技术，将EPA以磷脂共轭物的形式提取出来，而不是将磷脂作为杂质去除。这样既获得了高浓度的EPA，又保留了磷脂的生物利用度增强作用
Solution Approach 2:
将EPA与磷脂形成复合结构（磷脂共轭物），利用磷脂的两亲性特性增强EPA的溶解性和吸收性。这种复合材料的形成使得EPA既能保持稳定性，又能显著提高生物利用度，解决了稳定性与生物利用度之间的矛盾
4Quantity of substance
If krill oil is used as source, then EPA can be obtained, but Krill are very susceptible to breakdown of the PLs into FFA by both thermal and enzymatic action during processing
Solution Approach 1:
在提取EPA之前，先对磷虾油进行预处理，抑制磷脂酶活性，防止磷脂在后续加工过程中被分解。通过预先采取保护措施，避免了热力和酶解作用导致的磷脂降解，确保了磷脂-EPA共轭物的稳定性
Solution Approach 2:
在提取和加工过程中使用惰性气体保护，创造无氧环境，防止磷脂和EPA的氧化降解。通过控制加工环境，减少了热力和酶解作用对磷脂稳定性的影响，保持了磷脂-EPA共轭物的完整性
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are compositions comprising eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and polar lipids (e.g., glycolipids and phospholipids), and which do not contain any docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or esterified fatty acids.