Sensorless Electric Power Steering Motor Control via Inductive Voltage Correction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electric power steering systems using sensorless control face challenges in maintaining motor synchronism due to fluctuations in axial force, leading to reduced assist torque and increased likelihood of reverse rotation, as they struggle to accurately estimate and maintain the current vector's alignment with the q-axis direction without a rotational angle sensor.

Innovation Solution

The system incorporates a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a rotational angle sensor, sensor anomaly detection, electrical angle estimation, and motor control means that switch between d-q and γ-δ coordinate systems, using inductive voltage to correct the estimated electrical angle and maintain the current vector's alignment, thereby enhancing synchronism robustness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If sensorless control is used to eliminate the rotational angle sensor, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision of the electrical angle deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotational angle sensorVSAvoidelectrical angle estimation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses feedback control by detecting the γ-axis inductive voltage and using it to correct the estimative electrical angle through estimative-electrical-angle correction means, thereby improving the accuracy of electrical angle measurement in sensorless control mode

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/physical rotational angle sensor with an electrical-based estimation system that uses inductive voltage detection and coordinate system transformation to determine the electrical angle, eliminating the need for physical sensors

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Use of energy by moving object

If the current vector is maintained to coincide with the q-axis direction for efficient motor driving, then use of energy is improved, but reliability of motor synchronism deteriorates under axial force fluctuation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemotor driving efficiencyVSAvoidmotor synchronism
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies preliminary correction to the estimative electrical angle by detecting the γ-axis inductive voltage and adjusting the angle before control is applied, preventing the current vector from leading the q-axis and thereby preventing loss of synchronism before it occurs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary detection of the γ-axis inductive voltage and calculates the electrical angle difference in advance, then applies correction to ensure the current vector remains properly aligned with the q-axis under varying axial force conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively corrects the electrical angle to prevent reverse rotation and maintain motor synchronism, even under sharp axial force fluctuations, ensuring robustness and efficient torque generation in sensorless control scenarios.

Implementation Method 1

a permanent magnet synchronous motor (20) provided in a steering mechanism (10) and adapted to generate steering assist torque

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

electricity is supplied to U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils through switching control of an inverter. The brushless DC motor is driven through current vector control

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 3

a rotational angle sensor (22, 120) for detecting an electrical angle of the permanent magnet synchronous motor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field detection: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 4

electrical angle estimation means (110), operable when the anomaly of the rotational angle sensor is detected by the sensor anomaly detection means, for estimating the electrical angle of the permanent magnet synchronous motor on the basis of an inductive voltage generated in the permanent magnet synchronous motor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCounter electromotive force: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2518890B1Electric power steering apparatus
Publication Date: 2017.03.01 TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
  • EP2518890B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2518890B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2518890B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An electrical angle estimation section 110 calculates an estimative electrical angle θeb' on the basis of an inductive voltage e generated in a motor 20, and obtains an estimative electrical angle θeb by correcting the estimative electrical angle θeb' by an electrical angle correction amount Δθc. On the basis of a detection value eγ/e which represents the difference in electrical angle between the q-axis and the δ-axis calculated by an electrical-angle-error detection section 117, an electrical-angle-correction-amount computation section 118 calculates an electrical angle correction amount Δθc such that the electrical angle of the δ-axis falls within a prescribed angular range A, which lags behind the q-axis in terms of electrical angle. Thus, when sensorless control is performed, a phenomenon in which the motor 20 loses synchronism can be restrained.