Portable ESR Device with Gas-Permeable Capillary for Physiological Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional ESR devices are expensive, bulky, and require high space due to their large resonance units and magnet systems, and they cannot perform measurements under physiological conditions, leading to temperature and oxygen concentration limitations that affect measurement accuracy.
Innovation Solution
A miniaturized, portable ESR device with a gas-permeable capillary sample holder for temperature and oxygen partial pressure control, allowing measurements at physiological conditions (36.6 ± 0.5 °C and 3999.66 to 6666.1 Pa) using cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to measure ROS and RNS without chemical reactions, enabling differential characterization of biological samples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional ESR devices are used, then measurement capability is achieved, but device size, weight, and space requirements increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The device is divided into functionally independent modules: a resonator unit for ESR measurements, a magnet system with permanent magnets, a temperature control unit with heating element and sensor, and an oxygen partial pressure control unit. This segmentation allows each module to be optimized independently and facilitates miniaturization while maintaining measurement capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The sample holder with capillary is nested within the resonator, which is in turn positioned within the magnetic field region between the permanent magnets. The temperature and oxygen control systems are integrated into this nested structure, with the heating element and gas supply system embedded within the compact arrangement. This nesting achieves space-efficient design.
2Measurement precision
If conventional ESR devices are used, then measurement capability is achieved, but the measurement conditions deviate from physiological conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The device actively controls and maintains physiological parameters during measurement: temperature is regulated at 37°C using a heating element and temperature sensor, and oxygen partial pressure is controlled at physiological levels (approx. 13.3 kPa) using a gas supply system. These parameter changes ensure measurements reflect in vivo conditions, improving reliability and clinical applicability.
3Volume of moving object
If miniaturized components are used, then device portability is improved, but measurement precision and control capability may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The resonator is designed with optimized local geometry to concentrate the microwave magnetic field (H1 field) in a small region where the sample is positioned. The permanent magnets are arranged to create a strong, uniform magnetic field specifically in the sample region. This local field concentration compensates for the small overall device size and maintains high measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The device includes integrated temperature control (heating element and sensor) and oxygen partial pressure control (gas supply system) that are activated before and maintained during ESR measurements. This preliminary and continuous control ensures physiological conditions are established and maintained, preventing measurement artifacts and ensuring reliable data.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate and portable measurement of vital parameters under physiological conditions, reducing the need for extensive diagnostic tests and improving the correlation of results with real-life conditions, facilitating clinical and outpatient medical applications.
Implementation Method 1
ESR is based on the measurement of the splitting of the magnetic moment of unpaired electrons oriented in two opposite directions at different energy levels in a magnetic field. When microwaves are irradiated, the magnetic moment can 'flip' from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, resulting in absorption of the irradiated microwaves.
Implementation Method 2
the capillary is gas-permeable (gas-permeable), in particular for oxygen
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a use and a method using an ESR device for, in particular, differential measurement of vitality parameters by means of ESR using differential measurements of differently pre-treated and differently marked biological samples, in respect of different sample compartments. The invention also relates to a portable device for measuring vital states and parameters, which contain an ESR device having a sample holder for a capillary for receiving a biological sample, characterized in that the capillary is gas permeable, particularly for oxygen, and is self- and/or temperature-controllable, control elements for temperature and oxygen partial pressure and elements for adjusting the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure are integrated in the device which allow adjustment of the temperature in the measurement region in the biological sample in a range from 36.6 +/-0.5° and of the oxygen partial pressure in a range from 35 to 50 mm Hg and particularly the microwave bridge, which comprises a resonator, into which the sample holder can be or is inserted during an application, an oscillator and a microwave reflection section, which is preferably designed as a coaxial cable, and is produced as a unit by layer-by-layer and/or point melting and/or sintering and/or chemical conversion and/or drying.