ESS Battery Module Fire Detection Using Suction Gas Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional air suction-type fire detection systems in energy storage systems (ESS) fail to effectively detect thermal runaway and prevent rapid fire propagation in battery modules, leading to potential explosions and damage.
Innovation Solution
An early fire detection system for ESS battery modules using an air suction-type detector with a multiple sensing unit that monitors temperature, humidity, CO, CO2, VOCs, and smoke concentrations, triggering alarms and notifications when pre-thermal runaway or fire conditions are detected, and includes a database for simulating thermal runaway scenarios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional air suction-type fire detection systems are used in ESS battery modules, then the system structure is simple, but the detection capability is insufficient to detect thermal runaway early signs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensing functions (temperature, humidity, CO, CO2, VOCs detection) into a single integrated detector unit. The air suction-type detector incorporates multiple sensors that simultaneously monitor different parameters, merging what would otherwise be separate detection systems into one unified device that provides comprehensive thermal runaway detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The air suction-type detector is designed with multi-functionality to detect various signs of thermal runaway including temperature changes, humidity variations, and multiple gas concentrations (CO, CO2, VOCs). This universal detector can identify different stages of battery degradation and thermal runaway events through a single device, eliminating the need for multiple specialized sensors.
2Reliability
If multiple sensing parameters are monitored to detect thermal runaway early signs, then detection accuracy is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensing functions (temperature, humidity, CO, CO2, VOCs detection) into a single integrated detector unit. The air suction-type detector incorporates multiple sensors that simultaneously monitor different parameters, merging what would otherwise be separate detection systems into one unified device that provides comprehensive thermal runaway detection capability.
3Loss of time
If real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and gas concentrations is implemented, then early fire detection capability is improved, but the response time and system complexity trade-off occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary detection by continuously monitoring multiple parameters (temperature, humidity, CO, CO2, VOCs) before thermal runaway fully develops. The air suction-type detector is positioned to draw in air from the battery module, allowing early detection of gas emissions and temperature changes that precede actual fire events, enabling preventive action before the situation escalates.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables early detection and prevention of thermal runaway and fires in ESS battery modules by sensing signs of thermal runaway before they occur, reducing the risk of explosions and damage through real-time monitoring and alerting mechanisms.
Implementation Method 1
a suction pump that is fitted to one side of the suction line and supplies power for drawing air from inside the ESS battery module into the suction line
Implementation Method 2
a multiple sensing unit that is fitted to one side of the suction line and senses a temperature of the gas introduced through the suction line
Implementation Method 3
senses any generated gas... measures a concentration of the generated gas
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a system for early detection of fire in an ESS battery module, particularly to a system capable of early fire detection of a battery module inside an ESS including: an air suction-type detector that is fitted to the exterior of the ESS and detects fire by introducing gas inside the ESS battery module; a suction line, of which one end is connected to the ESS battery module, sucks gas inside the ESS battery module in real time and introducing the gas into the air suction-type fire detector; a suction pump that is fitted to one side of the suction line and supplies power for drawing air from inside the ESS battery module into the suction line; and a multiple sensing unit that is fitted to one side of the suction line and senses a temperature of the gas introduced through the suction line, as well as any generated gas. The system is capable of early fire detection for an ESS battery module by primarily sensing the signs through a suction line of an air suction-type detector, using a detection sensor in a multiple sensing unit and secondarily monitoring smoke in the air suction-type detector, when signs (CO, CO2, VOCs) of thermal runaway are generated in the ESS battery.