ESS Clustering for Grid Frequency Balancing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional energy storage systems in electrical power grids face inefficiencies and reduced serviceable life due to high power losses and frequent small disturbances, especially when operating at low power levels, leading to increased electrical losses and reduced battery life.
Innovation Solution
A regulating system that divides frequency deviation intervals into sub-intervals and allocates energy storage units based on their state of charge to form clusters, optimizing inverter operation points for high efficiency and minimizing power losses by utilizing energy storage units effectively across different power ranges.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If energy storage units operate at low power levels to provide primary balancing power, then grid frequency stability is maintained, but power losses increase and serviceable life reduces
Solution Approach 1:
The frequency deviation interval is divided into multiple sub-intervals, and energy storage units are segmented into different clusters based on their state of charge. Each cluster operates in specific sub-intervals, avoiding continuous low-power operation and reducing overall power losses while maintaining frequency stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically changes operational parameters by adjusting which energy storage clusters are active based on the current frequency deviation sub-interval and state of charge levels. This parameter optimization ensures units operate at more efficient power levels rather than continuously at low power, reducing energy losses.
2Reliability
If energy storage units frequently respond to small disturbances, then grid frequency is stabilized, but serviceable life is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the frequency response into sub-intervals and assigning different clusters to different sub-intervals, the system reduces the frequency of charge-discharge cycles for individual units. This segmentation allows units to operate more selectively, stabilizing frequency while extending serviceable life.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically assigns different energy storage clusters to different frequency sub-intervals based on real-time conditions. This dynamic allocation optimizes the response strategy, ensuring frequency stability is achieved while minimizing unnecessary cycling that would reduce serviceable life.
3Measurement precision
If inverters operate at low power levels, then energy storage units can provide fine-grained frequency control, but inverter efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments frequency control into sub-intervals and assigns different inverter clusters to different sub-intervals. This allows inverters to operate at optimized power levels for each sub-interval rather than continuously at low efficiency levels, improving overall inverter efficiency while maintaining precise frequency control.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters by dynamically selecting which inverter clusters are active based on the current frequency deviation. This parameter optimization ensures inverters operate at more efficient power conversion levels while still achieving the required frequency control precision through coordinated cluster operation.
Data Source
AI summary
A regulating system that in the event of a deviation from the nominal grid frequency provides a balancing power for an electrical power grid that is operated at a nominal grid frequency, wherein the regulating system comprises:multiple energy storage system units that are connected by an inverter to the electrical power grid and comprise an energy storage device; and a control center that divides into sub-frequency intervals a frequency deviation interval that lies between a minimum grid frequency and a maximum grid frequency about the nominal grid frequency and, in dependence upon the states of charge of the energy storage devices allocates different energy storage system units, ESS, to each sub-frequency interval so as to form an ESS cluster for the respective sub-frequency interval.