ESS Contactor Welding Detection Through Parallel Relay Paths

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for checking the welding of a contactor in an energy storage system (ESS) require blocking the flow of current, which is difficult due to the ESS's constant connection to a power grid.

Innovation Solution

A method and device that utilize a first and second relay system with photo couplers to detect welding without interrupting current flow by measuring current through parallel paths and using optical signals to determine relay status.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If the flow of current is blocked to check whether the contactor is welded, then the welding state can be accurately detected, but the ESS cannot maintain continuous operation and the power grid connection is interrupted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewelding detection accuracyVSAvoidcontinuous operation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The contactor is divided into multiple relays (first relay, second relay, third relay) that can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows the system to open only the necessary relay for detection while keeping others closed, enabling welding detection without completely blocking current flow and maintaining continuous operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational state parameters of relays dynamically - opening specific relays for detection purposes while maintaining others in closed state. This parameter change allows the system to achieve welding detection accuracy while preserving continuous current flow through alternative paths, thus maintaining productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If the contactor is opened to check for welding, then the welding state can be detected, but the electrical path between battery racks and positive output terminal is interrupted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverelay welding detectionVSAvoidelectrical path continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The contactor is segmented into multiple independently controllable relays. When detecting welding in one relay, only that specific relay is opened while others remain closed, maintaining electrical path continuity through alternative relays and ensuring system reliability during detection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The detection units act as intermediaries that enable welding detection without requiring complete contactor opening. By using detection units to monitor relay states and control individual relays, the system can detect welding while maintaining electrical path continuity through other relays.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Productivity

If multiple relays are used to enable detection without blocking current, then continuous operation is maintained, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operation during detectionVSAvoidnumber of relays and detection units
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The multiple relays and detection units serve multiple functions: they enable welding detection, maintain continuous current flow, and provide redundant detection capabilities. This multi-functionality justifies the increased device complexity by delivering significant operational benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The detection units provide continuous feedback on relay welding states, enabling the BSC to make informed decisions about relay operation. This feedback mechanism allows the system to maintain continuous operation while detecting welding, as the feedback information guides the control strategy for multiple relays.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables reliable and economical welding detection of ESS contactors without disrupting current flow, ensuring efficient operation of the ESS.

Implementation Method 1

the first detection unit includes a first photo coupler, wherein the first photo coupler is connected in parallel with the first relay so that when the first relay is open, current flows to the first photo coupler to emit light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric conversion: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3779481B1Device and method for checking whether contactor provided in ESS is welded
Publication Date: 2025.10.29 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
  • EP3779481B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3779481B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The present invention relates a device and method for checking the welding of a contactor of an energy storage system without blocking the flow of current. Specifically, the present invention relates a device and method for checking the welding of a contactor of an energy storage system using a contactor of two relays connected in parallel without blocking the flow of current.