Energy Storage System Protection via Dual-Path Signal Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing energy storage systems face challenges in swiftly and reliably detecting abnormal internal and external states of battery cells, leading to potential damage or safety issues due to delayed shutdowns and inadequate protection from external faults.
Innovation Solution
An energy storage system protection system that includes a battery monitoring system (BMS) transmitting protection signals through both hard wires and universal communication lines to a power conversion system (PCS), enabling immediate shutdown and enhanced protection by utilizing internal and external sensors to detect voltage, current, and temperature anomalies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If protection signals are transmitted only through universal communication lines, then system complexity is reduced, but response speed and reliability of shutdown are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The protection signal transmission system is segmented into two independent channels: a hard wire connection for immediate, reliable transmission and a universal communication line for system integration. This segmentation allows each channel to serve its specific function optimally, with the hard wire ensuring rapid response regardless of communication line status.
Solution Approach 2:
The BMS acts as an intermediary that receives protection signals from sensors and distributes them through both hard wire and universal communication line paths. This intermediary function ensures that the protection signal is transmitted through multiple pathways, enhancing reliability while maintaining manageable system complexity.
2Stability of the object's composition
If shutdown response time is delayed, then system stability is maintained, but damage from abnormal states occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary protection by detecting abnormal states through sensors (voltage, current, temperature) before they lead to damage. The BMS is pre-configured to immediately transmit protection signals through hard wire connections as soon as abnormalities are detected, enabling preemptive shutdown that prevents damage while maintaining overall system stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The dual-path signal transmission (hard wire + universal communication line) provides a cushion against transmission failures. If one path fails or is delayed, the other path ensures the protection signal reaches the PCS, providing a safety buffer that guarantees timely shutdown without requiring excessive delay for stability checks.
3Device complexity
If protection against external faults is inadequate, then device complexity is reduced, but system safety is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The external sensor unit is designed with multi-functionality to detect various types of external faults including surge voltage, ground voltage, and switch contact points. This universal sensor design provides comprehensive protection against different harmful factors without requiring separate specialized sensors for each fault type, thus avoiding excessive complexity while enhancing safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The external sensors continuously monitor the power line environment and provide feedback to the BMS about abnormal conditions. This feedback mechanism enables the system to detect external faults real-time and trigger protection signals through both hard wire and communication line paths, ensuring comprehensive safety coverage.
Data Source
AI summary
An energy storage system (ESS) protection system includes: a battery monitoring system (BMS) configured to transmit a protection signal when an internal state or an external state of a battery cell is abnormal; a power conversion system (PCS) connected to the BMS through a hard wire, and configured to receive the protection signal through the hard wire; and an energy management system (EMS) connected between the BMS and the PCS through a universal communication line, and configured to receive the protection signal from the BMS and transmit the protection signal to the PCS. The PCS may be configured to perform an ESS shutdown when the PCS receives the protection signal through the hard wire or the universal communication line.