EUV Mirror Stress Compensation via Boron-Lanthanum Layers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing mirrors for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation face challenges in managing intrinsic compressive stresses, which can lead to deformation and loss of precision in optical elements.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a stress-compensating layer sequence made of alternating boron or boron-based materials and lanthanum or lanthanum-based materials, followed by a temperature treatment to generate tensile stress, which is then used to counteract the compressive stress in a reflective layer sequence, ensuring reduced overall stress and maintaining optical precision.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a reflective layer sequence is applied to a substrate, then the mirror achieves high reflectivity for EUV radiation, but intrinsic compressive stresses cause deformation and loss of precision

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereflectivityVSAvoidsurface morphology precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The mirror structure is segmented into multiple functional layers: a stress-compensating layer sequence with alternating first and second layers, and a reflective layer sequence with alternating third and fourth layers. This segmentation allows independent optimization of stress management and reflectivity functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies heat treatment to change the physical state and stress parameters of the stress-compensating layer sequence. By heating to specific temperatures, the compressive stress is converted into tensile stress, transforming the mechanical properties of the material to achieve stress compensation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If the compressive stress in the layer sequence is increased to improve coating adhesion, then layer bonding is enhanced, but substrate bending and deformation increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayer bonding strengthVSAvoidsubstrate shape stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The stress-compensating layer sequence generates tensile stress that acts as a counterweight to the compressive stress in the reflective layer sequence. This counterbalancing stress system prevents substrate bending while maintaining layer bonding integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #8Anti-weight (Counterweight)

Solution Approach 2:

The stress-compensating layer sequence is applied and heat-treated before the reflective layer sequence to pre-establish the stress balance. This preliminary action ensures that when the reflective layers are deposited, the substrate is already in a stress-compensated state, preventing deformation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Stress or pressure

If heat treatment is applied to generate tensile stress, then compressive stress is reduced, but additional processing time and temperature control requirements are introduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressive stress reductionVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat treatment process utilizes phase transitions and thermal activation to transform the stress state of the stress-compensating layer sequence from compressive to tensile. This phase transition approach efficiently achieves stress compensation through controlled thermal processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method effectively reduces mechanical stresses in EUV mirrors, preventing substrate bending and maintaining high reflectivity and precision, particularly in the 6 nm to 15 nm wavelength range, thus enhancing the performance and reliability of EUV mirrors.

Implementation Method 1

In a subsequent step, a heat treatment is carried out in a temperature range between 100 °C and 800 °C, preferably between 400 °C and 800 °C. This heat treatment reduces the compressive stress in the stress-compensating layer sequence and generates a tensile stress.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat treatment: Heat Treatment

Implementation Method 2

This heat treatment reduces the compressive stress in the stress-compensating layer sequence and generates a tensile stress

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 3

Mirror for reflecting EUV radiation with tension compensation and method for producing the same

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

thin-film systems, which typically contain a periodic sequence of numerous layer pairs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP3239745B1Mirror for reflecting EUV radiation with tension compensation and method for producing the same
Publication Date: 2020.01.01 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3239745B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3239745B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3239745B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3D

AI summary

A mirror (5) for reflecting EUV radiation is described, comprising a stress-compensating layer sequence (2) arranged on a substrate (1), the layer sequence having alternating first layers (2a) and second layers (2b), wherein the first layers (2a) comprise boron, a boron nitride, a boron carbide, or a boron oxide, and the second layers (2b) comprise lanthanum, a lanthanum nitride, a lanthanum carbide, or a lanthanum oxide, and wherein the stress-compensating layer sequence (2) is subject to tensile stress. A reflective layer sequence (3) is arranged above the stress-compensating layer sequence (2), comprising alternating third layers (3a) and fourth layers (3b), and wherein the reflective layer sequence (3) is subject to compressive stress. Furthermore, a method for fabricating the EUV mirror (5) is described.