EV Battery Heating via SOC-Limited Electrical and Fluid Thermal Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrical energy storage units for motor vehicles face challenges in achieving effective temperature control, particularly during fast charging and normal driving operations, due to limitations in heating power and safety concerns related to the state of charge of the battery.
Innovation Solution
The integration of a cell intermediate temperature controller with an electrical heating device that can operate safely only up to 60% state of charge, combined with a temperature control fluid that can act as a heater, allows for efficient temperature control and fast charging by managing heating rates and preventing overheating.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If a heating device is integrated into the energy storage unit to improve temperature control during fast charging, then temperature management capability is improved, but safety risks increase when the state of charge exceeds 60%
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the heating strategy based on the state of charge. When SOC is below 60%, the heating device operates with higher power for rapid temperature increase. When SOC exceeds 60%, the system transitions to a safer heating mode, utilizing the temperature control fluid's heating capability instead of the direct heating device, thereby adapting the heating approach to current safety conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The temperature control fluid serves as an intermediary heating medium. Instead of directly heating the battery cells when SOC is high (which would be unsafe), the system heats the temperature control fluid, which then indirectly heats the cells through thermal conduction. This intermediary approach enables temperature control while avoiding direct safety risks associated with high-SOC heating.
2Productivity
If the heating power is increased to enable fast charging at higher rates, then charging speed is improved, but the risk of overheating and damage increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors the state of charge and temperature parameters, using this feedback to dynamically adjust the heating strategy. When SOC is below 60% and cooling requirements are minimal, the system permits higher heating power to enable fast charging. When SOC exceeds 60% or temperature thresholds are approached, the system reduces heating power or switches to alternative heating methods, thereby preventing overheating while maximizing charging speed when safe.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the heating parameters (power level, heating method) based on the state of charge. At low SOC (<60%), the heating device operates at high power with longer duration. At high SOC (>60%), the system switches to lower power heating through the temperature control fluid, changing the heating parameters to match safety requirements while still enabling charging functionality.
3Stability of the object's composition
If the heating device operates continuously to maintain optimal temperature, then temperature stability is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of continuous heating, the system employs periodic or conditional heating actions. The heating device is activated only when the state of charge is below 60% and cooling requirements are low. When SOC exceeds 60%, heating is performed intermittently or through alternative means (temperature control fluid), reducing overall energy consumption while maintaining adequate temperature stability for fast charging operations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This combination enables effective temperature management, allowing for fast charging with peak powers of up to 350 kW and ensures the heating device's safety by limiting operation to prevent damage at higher states of charge, thereby enhancing the overall performance and longevity of the energy storage unit.
Implementation Method 1
The energy storage unit has at least one heating device by way of which the storage unit cell is able to be heated using electrical energy
Implementation Method 2
The temperature control device has at least one temperature control channel arranged outside the cell housing, wherein the temperature control device is able to be flowed through by a temperature control fluid in order to control the temperature of the storage unit cell
Data Source
AI summary
An electrical energy storage unit for a motor vehicle, having at least one storage unit cell designed to store electrical energy, which storage unit cell has a cell housing in which an electrolyte and an electrode device are arranged, and having a temperature control device that has at least one temperature control channel arranged outside the cell housing, which temperature control channel is able to be flowed through by a temperature control fluid in order to control the temperature of the storage unit cell. At least one heating device is able to be supplied with the electrical energy stored in the storage unit cell and thereby able to be electrically operated. By way of the heating device, the storage unit cell is able to be heated, wherein the heating device is able to be operated without any damage only when the storage unit cell has a state of charge that is not more than 60% of the maximum state of charge of the storage unit cell.