Electric Vehicle Battery Management System with Dynamic Power Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing systems for electric vehicles lack efficient management and diagnosis capabilities that allow users to select batteries based on their state and manage power distribution according to available energy and battery conditions, particularly in the automotive sector, leading to suboptimal battery life and safety concerns.
Innovation Solution
A comprehensive powertrain management system that integrates battery management, power distribution, and diagnosis, featuring a series of interconnected batteries, a power manager, motor controller, and an engine control unit, which evaluates conditions to ensure efficient energy use, safety, and communication of operational data to users and technical services.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If multiple batteries of different types and power levels are interconnected to increase total energy capacity, then the energy availability and power levels improve, but the batteries will accumulate charge differently and some will discharge more than they should, leading to reduced reliability
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit continuously monitors the charge state of each individual battery through voltage measurements and adjusts the power distribution dynamically. When a battery reaches extreme charge levels, the system automatically reduces power draw from that specific battery, creating a feedback loop that prevents overcharging or over-discharging and maintains charge balance across all batteries.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts the operational parameters of each battery based on real-time conditions. The control unit modifies the power distribution strategy according to the state of charge, temperature, and type of each battery, allowing the system to adapt to changing conditions and prevent any single battery from being over-stressed.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If battery charge levels are strictly maintained within manufacturer specifications to extend lifetime, then battery longevity improves, but the system loses flexibility in power management and available energy utilization
Solution Approach 1:
The system allows batteries to temporarily operate beyond standard charge thresholds when necessary, using predictive algorithms to determine if a battery can safely provide additional power. The control unit calculates remaining capacity and discharge rates to enable short-term excessive discharge that does not ultimately harm the battery, thereby increasing available energy while still protecting long-term longevity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically changes operational parameters such as voltage thresholds and current limits based on real-time battery conditions, temperature, and state of charge. Rather than using fixed manufacturer specifications, the control unit adjusts these parameters adaptively to maximize both battery life and power availability under different operating scenarios.
3Measurement precision
If a comprehensive monitoring system is implemented to track charge, temperature, and current of each battery, then measurement precision and safety improve, but the device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit is designed as a multi-functional device that performs multiple tasks: monitoring voltage, current, and temperature; managing power distribution; calculating state of charge; and controlling individual battery connections. By consolidating these functions into a single intelligent controller, the system achieves comprehensive monitoring without proportionally increasing complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system combines the monitoring, control, and management functions into an integrated unit rather than using separate devices for each function. The control unit merges sensor inputs, processing logic, and actuation controls into a single system that manages all batteries collectively while tracking individual parameters, thereby reducing overall system complexity.
4Ease of operation
If individual power switches are used to enable or disable power from each battery, then control precision and safety improve, but the device complexity and manufacturing cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit automatically manages the power switches based on real-time battery conditions without requiring manual intervention. The system self-adjusts which batteries are connected or disconnected by controlling the switches, making the complex control logic transparent to the user and eliminating the need for manual configuration or adjustment.
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a system for managing, identifying and interconnecting a plurality of propulsion batteries of an electric vehicle, each battery (1) comprising: a group of cells (11) that connect to a management system (BMS) and a series of interfaces for communicating with the rest of the system; and a discharge connector (17) and charge connector (16) by means of which the corresponding charger (7) is connected. The system also comprises: a power manager (2) which receives the power from each battery (1) and transmits same to a motor controller (3) which sends the power to a motor (5) by means of a power stage (34), according to the orders of the user and the restrictions imposed by a control unit (4) responsible for managing the entire system and determining how the power is used, according to management algorithms and user requests; and a communication bus (BUS) used as a data link between all the units of the system.