EV Battery Pack Thermal Runaway Prevention System
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional safety prevention and control systems for electric vehicle battery packs are limited in actively monitoring and preventing thermal runaway, failing to provide timely warnings and effective suppression measures for battery faults, leading to potential fires and explosions.
Innovation Solution
A safety prevention and control system comprising a signal acquisition device, a main controller, and a step-by-step prevention and control execution device, which includes fault diagnosis, cell thermal runaway determination, and battery pack thermal runaway propagation determination, enabling real-time monitoring and execution of prevention and control actions such as disconnecting fault cells, suppressing thermal runaway, extinguishing fires, and diluting oxygen to prevent explosions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional monitoring systems only alarm when thermal runaway occurs, then the system structure remains simple, but the safety prevention and control effect is limited and cannot provide early warning or active suppression
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary actions by establishing multiple determination devices (fault diagnosis, cell thermal runaway determination, battery pack thermal runaway propagation determination) that proactively identify hazards before they escalate. These devices continuously monitor and predict potential failures, enabling early intervention through predetermined control strategies rather than waiting for thermal runaway to occur.
Solution Approach 2:
The safety system is segmented into multiple independent determination devices, each responsible for specific detection functions (fault diagnosis, cell-level thermal runaway detection, pack-level propagation detection). This segmentation allows the complex safety function to be divided into manageable modules that can operate independently and be activated based on the specific hazard stage detected.
2Loss of information
If the system implements comprehensive fault diagnosis and thermal runaway determination, then early warning capability is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The main controller serves as a universal platform that integrates multiple determination devices (fault diagnosis, cell thermal runaway determination, battery pack thermal runaway propagation determination). This multi-functional design allows a single device to perform diverse safety functions, reducing the need for separate dedicated hardware for each detection function and thereby managing complexity while maintaining comprehensive monitoring capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback mechanisms where determination devices continuously monitor battery parameters and provide real-time information to the main controller. Based on this feedback, the controller dynamically adjusts control strategies and activates appropriate prevention measures, creating a closed-loop system that improves detection accuracy without requiring proportionally more hardware.
3Reliability
If the system activates prevention and control measures at multiple stages, then the safety coverage is improved, but the response time and coordination complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system establishes predetermined control strategies for different hazard stages during the design phase. When specific conditions are detected (e.g., fault diagnosed, cell thermal runaway determined, pack propagation detected), the corresponding pre-programmed measures are automatically activated. This eliminates the need for real-time decision-making and coordination during emergencies, significantly reducing response time while maintaining comprehensive safety coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
The safety system operates dynamically by adapting its activation levels based on the detected hazard stage. Different determination devices are activated or deactivated according to the progression from normal operation to fault conditions to thermal runaway. This dynamic operation allows the system to maintain comprehensive safety coverage while optimizing response time by only activating necessary measures for the current hazard level.
Data Source
AI summary
The present application relates to a safety prevention and control system and control method of a power battery pack for an electric vehicle. The safety prevention and control system of a power battery pack includes a signal acquisition device, a main controller, and a step-by-step prevention and control execution device. The main controller includes a fault diagnosis device, a cell thermal runaway determination device and a battery pack thermal runaway propagation determination device, which are respectively electrically connected to the step-by-step prevention and control execution device to send different control instructions to the step-by-step prevention and control execution device. The step-by-step prevention and control execution device can execute prevention and control actions of different levels according to the different control instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and the battery pack thermal runaway propagation determination device. The safety prevention and control system of a power battery pack for an electric vehicle can provide an active prevention and control measure and a passive prevention and control measure, and according to the actual situation of a specific accident and the prevention and control ability of the prevention and control system, accurately start a prevention and control mechanism, maximize a safety protection effect, and ensure the safety of an electric vehicle occupant.