EV Charger Single-Phase Power Adaptation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional three-phase electric vehicle charging devices are limited in output power when receiving a single-phase input power source, requiring additional portable chargers that compromise safety and increase costs, and are unable to efficiently adjust output power levels based on input current variations.
Innovation Solution
A charging device with multiple converters in parallel, including a communication module to determine the phase of the input power and selectively enable or disable auxiliary bridge arms to connect converters in parallel or series, allowing it to operate with both single-phase and three-phase inputs, thereby optimizing output power based on current thresholds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a conventional three-phase charging device uses only one module to convert single-phase power, then the device can operate with single-phase input, but the output power level is limited and unable to meet practical requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple converter modules (first, second, and third modules) that were originally designed for three-phase operation to work in parallel for single-phase power conversion. By enabling multiple modules to simultaneously process single-phase input through the neutral line, the system achieves higher output power while maintaining compatibility with single-phase power sources.
Solution Approach 2:
The charging device is designed with universal converter modules that can perform both three-phase and single-phase power conversion. Each module is capable of operating independently or in combination with others, allowing the system to adapt its configuration based on the input power type while maintaining high output power capability in both modes.
2Power
If the current of the input power is increased to meet higher output power requirements, then the output power level increases, but the conventional single-module architecture cannot correspondingly increase output power
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic power distribution control that monitors input current levels and dynamically adjusts the number of active converter modules. When input current increases, the control unit enables additional modules to operate in parallel, dynamically scaling the output power capability to match the available input power while maintaining system stability and efficiency.
3Adaptability or versatility
If a single-phase portable charger is used to enable single-phase charging, then the charging operation can be performed, but electric safety is reduced and cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using an external portable charger, the patent merges multiple built-in converter modules to handle single-phase power conversion. This integrated approach eliminates the need for additional portable charging equipment, maintaining electric safety by using the vehicle's existing safety-certified charging system while enabling single-phase charging capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables the charging device to safely and efficiently charge electric vehicles with either single-phase or three-phase power without additional portable chargers, enhancing safety and reducing costs by dynamically adjusting output power levels according to input current conditions.
Implementation Method 1
a first module (31), a second module (32) and a third module (33), each of which includes a control circuit and a rectification circuit
Implementation Method 2
a controllable switching arrangement, which includes a number of controllable switches to controllably connect the converters in different configurations
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
AI summary
A charging device (1) includes a first auxiliary bridge arm (41) and a second auxiliary bridge arm (42). The first auxiliary bridge arm (41) is connected between a first port (21) and a second module (32). The second auxiliary bridge arm (42) is connected between the first port (21) and a third module (33). If the AC charging power (P) is three-phase, the first module (31) converts a first phase of the AC charging power (P), and the first auxiliary bridge arm (41) and the second auxiliary bridge arm (42) are disabled. Consequently, the second module (32) converts a second phase of the AC charging power (P), and the third module (33) converts a third phase of the AC charging power (P). If the AC charging power (P) is single-phase, at least a first module (31) is used to convert the AC charging power (P).