EV Charging Topology for AC/DC Conversion and Bidirectional Power
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electric vehicle (EV) charging systems require separate modules for AC and DC charging, and lack the capability to efficiently reverse current flow for power supply during outages, limiting their multifunctionality.
Innovation Solution
A multifunctional charging topology featuring a first and second winding section with corresponding switches and an inverter that can boost DC voltage, convert AC to DC, and convert DC to AC, allowing for seamless selection between AC and DC charging and bidirectional current flow.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If separate modules are used for AC and DC charging, then each module can be optimized for its specific function, but the overall system complexity increases and multifunctionality is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines AC charging, DC charging, and bidirectional power supply functions into a single integrated charging module. The inverter unit serves multiple purposes: converting AC to DC for battery charging, boosting DC voltage from chargers, and enabling bidirectional power flow for vehicle-to-grid operations. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate AC and DC charging modules, reducing system complexity while maintaining full functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The inverter unit is designed as a universal component that performs multiple functions: AC-DC conversion for charging, DC voltage boosting for fast charging compatibility, and DC-AC conversion for power supply during outages. The switching mechanism and winding configuration allow the same hardware to adapt to different operating modes, making the system versatile without requiring dedicated modules for each function.
2Productivity
If DC charger voltage is lower than battery voltage, then DC fast charging can be implemented, but voltage boosting capability is required adding system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage boosting function is merged into the inverter unit rather than being a separate component. The inverter's switching mechanism and winding configuration enable it to perform both AC-DC conversion and DC voltage boosting operations. By controlling the switching elements, the inverter can operate in boost mode to elevate DC charger voltage to match battery voltage requirements, enabling fast charging without adding dedicated boosting hardware.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the system supports bidirectional power flow for grid supply, then versatility is improved, but control complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The inverter unit is designed as a universal power conversion device that can operate in multiple modes: AC to DC conversion for charging, DC voltage boosting, and DC to AC conversion for power supply. The same switching mechanism and control circuitry manage all these functions by adjusting switching patterns and control parameters. This universal design enables bidirectional power flow capability without requiring separate control systems for each operating mode, managing complexity through unified control architecture.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables efficient charging and power supply modes, including voltage boosting and bidirectional energy transfer, enhancing the versatility and functionality of EV charging systems.
Implementation Method 1
converts alternating current (AC) from an AC grid to DC during charging of the battery with the AC grid
Implementation Method 2
converts DC to AC during supply of the AC grid by the battery
Implementation Method 3
boosts a voltage of a direct current (DC) charger during charging of the battery with the DC charger
Implementation Method 4
the second two or more windings of the second winding section are coupled to the AC grid and are magnetically coupled to the first two or more windings of the first winding section
Data Source
AI summary
A system in a vehicle includes a first winding section including first two or more windings and a second winding section including second two or more windings. Each of the second two or more windings corresponds to one of the first two or more windings of the first winding section. The system also includes an inverter including a high side switch and a low side switch corresponding to each of the first two or more windings. The inverter is coupled to a battery of the vehicle and boosts a voltage of a direct current (DC) charger during charging of the battery with the DC charger, converts alternating current (AC) from an AC grid to DC during charging of the battery with the AC grid, and converts DC to AC during supply of the AC grid by the battery.