EV Charging Contact Impedance Verification for Soiled Connectors

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric vehicle charging systems face issues with unreliable electrical connections due to contaminated or soiled contacts, leading to power losses, longer charging times, and safety concerns, particularly in harsh weather conditions.

Innovation Solution

A device with a contact arrangement that includes a secondary contact to measure the impedance between electrical contacts and the vehicle's contact surface, ensuring a reliable connection by determining and reducing contact impedance before power supply, using a movable contact frame and actuator for engagement, and applying currents to clear high impedance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a movable contact frame with actuator is used to engage electrical contacts with the vehicle, then the ease of connecting and disconnecting is improved, but the reliability of electrical connection deteriorates due to contaminated or soiled contacts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of connecting and disconnectingVSAvoidreliability of electrical connection
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs a preliminary impedance measurement check before initiating power transfer. The control unit measures the impedance of the electrical connection between the charging device and the vehicle, and only allows power transfer when the impedance is below a predetermined threshold, ensuring connection reliability before operation begins

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical contact quality assessment with an electrical impedance measurement system. Instead of relying on mechanical engagement quality alone, the system uses electrical measurements to objectively verify connection quality, substituting mechanical assessment with electrical detection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Productivity

If high current levels are used for quick charging, then the charging speed is improved, but the safety deteriorates due to overheating risks from bad contacts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging speedVSAvoidoverheating and safety risks
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary impedance verification before high-power charging begins. By measuring connection impedance in advance and ensuring it meets safety thresholds, the system prevents overheating risks associated with bad contacts while enabling high-speed charging operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The control unit continuously monitors impedance during charging operation and can adjust or terminate charging based on measured values. This feedback mechanism ensures safety by detecting deteriorating contact conditions and responding appropriately to prevent overheating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a reliable and safe electrical connection by ensuring impedance is within a predetermined threshold before power is supplied, reducing the risk of overheating and improving charging efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact of the contact arrangement and the vehicle's contact surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric impedance measurement: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 2

applying currents to clear high impedance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3471991B1Device for charging an electric vehicle and a method for verifying the contact between a device for charging an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle
Publication Date: 2024.01.24 ABB E-MOBILITY BV
  • EP3471991B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3471991B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP3471991B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

The invention relates to a device (10) for charging an electric vehicle (12), comprising: a plurality of electrical contacts (20), at least two of them coupled to a power supply (14), and each electrical contact (22, 23, 24, 25) of the plurality of electrical contacts (20) is arranged for contacting a different contact surface (30, 34) of the electric vehicle (12); and a secondary contact (28) forming a contact arrangement (29) with one of the electrical contacts (24) of the plurality of electrical contacts (20), wherein said electrical contact (24) and the secondary contact (28) of the contact arrangement (29) are arranged to contact the same contact surface (34) of the vehicle (12).