EV Dual Protection Circuits for High-Voltage Mounted Loads
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electric vehicles face safety concerns due to potential electric shocks and component damage from high-voltage power supply failures, particularly in relay circuits, which are not adequately addressed by current safety measures.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a dual protection circuit system in the vehicle body and mounted object, comprising a first protection circuit on the power supply line to the mounted object and a second protection circuit on the object's power supply line, along with a control section to manage these circuits, allowing for power cutoff in case of failures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a relay circuit is installed on the power supply line to supply power from battery to mounted object, then power supply control is improved, but safety risk increases due to potential relay failure causing electric shock or component damage
Solution Approach 1:
The power supply system is segmented into multiple independent protection circuits: a first protection circuit in the vehicle body and a second protection circuit in the mounted object. Each circuit independently monitors and can cut off power, dividing the single point of failure into multiple redundant safety layers, thereby resolving the contradiction between operational control and safety reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The protection circuits are designed to detect relay failures and cut off power before harmful effects occur. By anticipating potential relay failures and preparing protective mechanisms in advance, the system prevents electric shocks and component damage, thus improving safety while maintaining power supply control capability.
2Use of energy by moving object
If high-voltage power is supplied from high-voltage battery to mounted object for operation, then power efficiency is improved, but safety risk increases due to potential electric shock and component damage
Solution Approach 1:
The protection circuits act as intermediary safety mechanisms between the high-voltage battery and the mounted object. These intermediaries monitor the power flow and can interrupt it when abnormalities are detected, allowing high-voltage power supply for efficiency while preventing harmful effects like electric shock through active intervention.
Solution Approach 2:
The system converts the potential harmful effect of high-voltage power failures into a beneficial safety feature. By detecting relay failures and automatically cutting off power, the protection circuits transform what could be a dangerous situation into a controlled safety mechanism, maintaining both power efficiency and user safety.
3Device complexity
If a single protection circuit is used on the power supply line, then device complexity is reduced, but safety coverage is insufficient to prevent both user electric shock and component damage
Solution Approach 1:
The protection system is segmented into two distinct circuits located at different positions: the first protection circuit in the vehicle body and the second protection circuit in the mounted object. This segmentation provides comprehensive safety coverage for both user protection and component protection while maintaining relatively simple individual circuit designs, resolving the contradiction between complexity and safety coverage.
Data Source
AI summary
An electric vehicle includes: a mounted object operated by power; and a vehicle body equipped with the mounted object, in which the vehicle body includes: a battery that supplies power to an electric motor for operation of the vehicle body; a first power supply line that supplies the power from the battery to the mounted object; a first protection circuit that is installed on the first power supply line and that is capable of cutting off the power; and a control section that controls an operation of the first protection circuit, and the mounted object includes: a second power supply line that is connected to the first power supply line; a load that receives the power via the second power supply line; and a second protection circuit that is installed on the second power supply line and that is capable of cutting off the power.