Dynamic Winding Reconfiguration in Electric Vehicle Generators
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Solution Overview
Problem
Alternative fuel vehicles face inefficiencies in electrical systems, particularly in hybrid settings, due to the need for transmission mechanisms and the inefficiencies in electric motors, which can be mitigated by implementing a wheel motor system that eliminates the need for a conventional transmission system.
Innovation Solution
A dynamic reconfiguration-switching mechanism for electric motor windings in electric vehicles that adjusts the motor coils' configuration to optimize angular velocity and torque, allowing for integrated gear and braking functionality, thereby reducing the back electromotive force (BEMF) and enhancing mechanical efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a conventional transmission system is used to transfer power from the electric motor to the wheels, then the vehicle can operate with standard mechanical components, but the mechanical efficiency is reduced and the number of components increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the conventional transmission system entirely from the vehicle architecture. The electric motor is directly coupled to the wheel hub, extracting and eliminating the transmission mechanism, differential, and associated components. This direct-drive approach eliminates mechanical power loss through transmissions while reducing the overall number of moving parts in the drivetrain system.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical transmission system with an electromagnetic control system. The electric motor's electromagnetic fields and electronic control mechanisms substitute for the mechanical gears, shafts, and differential components. This substitution allows for efficient power delivery without the mechanical losses inherent in conventional transmissions.
2Power
If the electric motor operates at high speeds to meet power demands, then the power output increases, but the back electromotive force (BEMF) increases and limits further speed increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic reconfiguration of the motor windings, switching between series and parallel connections based on operating conditions. At high speeds, the windings are reconfigured to reduce the voltage constant and torque constant, thereby reducing the BEMF and allowing the motor to operate at higher speeds without being limited by excessive back electromotive force. This dynamic adaptation allows the motor to maintain optimal performance across a wide speed range.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electrical parameters of the motor by reconfiguring the winding connections. By switching between series and parallel winding arrangements, the motor's voltage constant and torque constant are dynamically adjusted. This parameter change allows the motor to overcome the BEMF limitation at high speeds while maintaining efficient operation at lower speeds.
3Speed
If the motor windings are reconfigured to reduce the voltage constant for high-speed operation, then the angular velocity increases, but the torque constant decreases and reduces angular acceleration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses dynamic winding reconfiguration to adapt the motor characteristics to the instantaneous operating requirements. The control system monitors the motor's operating state and switches between series and parallel winding connections accordingly. This dynamic switching allows the motor to optimize between speed and torque production based on real-time demands, resolving the trade-off between angular velocity and torque constant.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs periodic switching between different winding configurations based on the motor's operating cycle. The control system periodically evaluates the operating conditions and switches configurations as needed, creating a rhythmic adaptation pattern that maintains optimal performance throughout the operating range.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables increased mechanical efficiency, reduces the number of components, and eliminates the need for a conventional transmission system, leading to improved energy consumption and weight reduction in electric vehicles.
Implementation Method 1
While the motors rotate, a back electromotive force ('BEMF') is produced by the electric motors. This BEMF voltage is produced because the electric motors generate an opposing voltage while rotating.
Data Source
AI summary
For an electric motor used as a generator in an electric vehicle for dynamic braking, employing a dynamic reconfiguration-switching of motor windings upon the generator exceeding one of a maximum usable constraint of a first rechargeable battery in order to reduce a voltage constant of the electric motor thereby limiting one of a produced voltage and a produced power.