EV Power Management System for Grid Frequency Regulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need to improve the interaction between electric vehicles and electrical distribution systems when electric vehicles supply energy to dwellings or assist AC power distribution networks during high demand or power imbalances, and to manage credits for electric vehicle owners providing this assistance.
Innovation Solution
A method for managing AC power distribution networks by forecasting power contributions from connected electric vehicles, estimating available energy, and allocating credits for electricity injection, while also adjusting operating reserves based on load dynamics and power imbalances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If electric vehicles are used to supply electrical energy to the AC power distribution network, then the network's reliability is improved during overload or frequency instability, but the complexity of managing and coordinating multiple mobile vehicles increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a central control system that acts as an intermediary between the AC power distribution network and multiple electric vehicles. This coordinator manages vehicle connections, monitors their availability, and dispatches them to provide frequency regulation services, thereby reducing the complexity burden on individual vehicles while maintaining network reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system implements a universal management platform that handles multiple functions: registering vehicles, monitoring their state of charge and availability, coordinating their participation in frequency regulation, and managing compensation. This multi-functional approach consolidates complexity into a single system rather than distributing it across multiple specialized systems.
2Productivity
If the AC power distribution network relies on electric vehicles for frequency regulation, then the need for traditional operating reserves is reduced, but the uncertainty of available vehicle supply increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control system continuously monitors the state of charge, availability status, and performance of participating electric vehicles. This feedback mechanism allows the system to dynamically adjust its reliance on vehicle-based frequency regulation, maintaining optimal productivity while managing supply availability uncertainty through real-time information about vehicle capabilities.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically manages the portfolio of available vehicles, continuously updating which vehicles are suitable for frequency regulation based on their current state. This dynamic approach allows the network to adapt to changing vehicle availability while maintaining efficient use of operating reserves, transforming a static uncertainty into a manageable dynamic resource.
3Loss of energy
If electric vehicles provide frequency regulation services, then energy losses in the network are reduced, but the challenge of incentivizing and compensating vehicle owners increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control system automatically calculates compensation for vehicle owners based on their provided services, using pre-established rules and algorithms. This self-service approach eliminates the need for manual incentive management, reducing the complexity of coordinating compensation while maintaining proper incentives for energy-efficient behavior and vehicle participation.
4Quantity of substance
If multiple electric vehicles are coordinated to supply power, then the quantity of available electrical energy increases, but the difficulty of detecting and measuring individual contributions increases
Solution Approach 1:
The central control system serves as an intermediary that directly measures and records the power contribution from each individual vehicle through bidirectional communication and metering. This eliminates the difficulty of measuring individual contributions by centralizing the measurement function, allowing the system to aggregate energy from multiple vehicles while maintaining accurate attribution of each vehicle's specific contribution.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for managing the operation of an AC power distribution network to which connect a plurality of electric vehicles, at random times and at random locations to receive electrical energy for charging. The AC power distribution network is characterized by a dynamic state of balance between power generation and load, and it has an operating reserve which is a supplemental power generation capacity available to the AC power distribution network. The method includes the step of forecasting a power-supply contribution that would be available to the AC power distribution network from the electric vehicles connected to the AC power distribution network in the event the AC power distribution network experiences a state of imbalance resulting from a power-generation deficit. The method further includes adjusting the magnitude of the operating reserve on the basis of the forecasting.