EV Heat Management Using Route-Based Battery Preconditioning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current heat management strategies for electrified motor vehicles are not optimally adapted to individual driving behaviors and external influences, leading to inefficient energy consumption and suboptimal temperature regulation of components like high-voltage storage devices and the vehicle interior.
Innovation Solution
A heat management system utilizing reinforcement learning to predict and optimize the heating or cooling of components by determining historical and predicted temperature profiles based on navigation data, incorporating environmental and usage factors to adjust thermo module control strategies dynamically.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If the air-conditioning system cools the high-voltage storage device during preconditioning, then the HVS temperature is reduced below operating temperature, but the cooling potential is consumed that could be used for interior cooling during the journey
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary cooling of the high-voltage storage device during the parking phase before the journey begins. This preliminary action creates a cold buffer that allows the HVS to be cooled in advance when the air-conditioning system has full availability, thereby preserving cooling potential for interior cooling during the journey when the HVS would otherwise require cooling.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts the cooling strategy based on the predicted driving profile and actual driving behavior. The control unit monitors whether the actual driving profile deviates from the predicted profile and adapts the cooling distribution between HVS and interior accordingly, optimizing the use of cooling potential in real-time.
2Ease of operation
If the cooling potential is prioritized for interior cooling during the journey, then passenger comfort is maintained, but the high-voltage storage device may experience excessive thermal strain
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary cooling of the high-voltage storage device during the parking phase before the journey begins. This preliminary action creates a cold buffer that allows the HVS to be cooled in advance when the air-conditioning system has full availability, thereby preserving cooling potential for interior cooling during the journey when the HVS would otherwise require cooling.
3Device complexity
If the heat management system uses traditional rule-based control, then the system structure is simple, but the system cannot optimally adapt to individual driving behaviors and external influences
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors actual driving behavior, environmental conditions, and temperature developments, and uses this feedback to adapt the cooling strategy in real-time. The control unit compares actual driving profiles with predicted profiles and adjusts the distribution of cooling potential between the HVS and interior accordingly, enabling optimal adaptation without requiring complex restructuring of the control system.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses the high-voltage storage device itself as a thermal buffer to serve the cooling needs of both the HVS and the interior. By creating a cold buffer in the HVS during preconditioning, the system enables the HVS to act as a thermal reservoir that reduces the overall cooling demand during the journey, allowing the air-conditioning system to focus on interior comfort.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables more efficient heat management by minimizing energy consumption and optimizing temperature regulation, addressing the limitations of current systems in handling diverse driving conditions and external influences.
Implementation Method 1
the high-voltage storage device is undercooled by means of the air-conditioning system to an HVS temperature below an HVS operating temperature
Implementation Method 2
A cold buffer is then advantageously created by this so-called preconditioning, which postpones in time the point in time of a possible cooling requirement on the high-voltage storage device
Data Source
AI summary
A heat management system includes an electronic control unit configured to determine at least one route section-related historical heating or cooling effect profile based on heat management-relevant data of a navigation system acquired for a predefined period, acquire, for the same predefined period, a route section-related historic temperature profile by sensor for each component, determine at least one route section-related predicted heating or cooling effect profile based on the heat management-relevant data of the navigation system, which are predictable for at least one predefined horizon, and ascertain a predicted temperature profile for each component on the basis of the historic heating or cooling effect profile, the historical temperature profile, and the predicted heating or cooling effect profile.