EV Hybrid Battery Architecture for Range and Cycle-Life Balance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electric vehicle batteries are limited by their energy density and cycle life, leading to restricted range and inefficiencies, with existing systems failing to effectively manage individual cell characteristics, resulting in potential system failure and increased production costs.
Innovation Solution
A hybrid power supply system incorporating high energy density modules with independent control and monitoring, utilizing a hybrid module controller and bi-directional DC-DC converters to manage power flow and balance cell states, ensuring safe and efficient operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If conventional lithium-ion batteries are used in electric vehicles, then the system achieves good cycle performance and low self-discharge rate, but the energy density is limited and vehicle range is restricted
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the battery system into multiple independent battery packs, each with its own management system. This segmentation allows high energy density batteries to be used in each pack while maintaining system reliability through independent operation and monitoring of each pack, preventing single point of failure and enabling modular replacement.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operational parameters of batteries by implementing intelligent charge-discharge management that dynamically adjusts charging currents, voltage thresholds, and discharge rates based on real-time battery state monitoring. This allows high energy density batteries to operate within safe parameters, extending cycle life while maximizing energy utilization.
2Length of moving object
If a single battery pack is used in the electric vehicle, then the system structure is simple, but the range is limited and adding more batteries in series increases complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the battery system into multiple independent packs that can be configured in series to extend range. Each pack is a self-contained module with independent management, which reduces overall system complexity by creating standardized, interchangeable units rather than managing one large complex system.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery packs are designed as universal modules that can serve multiple functions: they can be connected in series for extended range, individually replaced for maintenance, and each pack can independently supply power. This multi-functionality reduces complexity by using standardized components rather than specialized ones.
3Measurement precision
If traditional battery management systems are used, then monitoring of battery parameters is achieved, but SOC balance between cells and packs is difficult to maintain and battery characteristics cannot be balanced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements segmentation at the management level by providing independent management systems for each battery pack and even for individual cells within packs. This allows precise SOC monitoring and balancing to be performed locally at each segment level, preventing propagation of imbalances throughout the entire system and improving both measurement precision and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements multi-level feedback mechanisms where each battery management system continuously monitors its own pack's cell voltages, currents, and temperatures, and adjusts charging/discharging operations in real-time. This feedback control enables automatic SOC balancing between cells and packs, maintaining precision and reliability without manual intervention.
4Use of energy by moving object
If high energy density battery chemistries are used, then vehicle range is extended, but the number of useful charge-discharge cycles decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the battery system into multiple packs that can operate independently. High energy density chemistry packs can be used in applications requiring maximum range, while other packs with different chemistry optimized for cycle life can be used for daily commuting. This segmentation allows the system to optimize for different requirements simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes operational parameters through intelligent management that dynamically adjusts charge-discharge rates, voltage thresholds, and temperature control based on real-time conditions. This allows high energy density batteries to operate within parameter ranges that extend cycle life, such as avoiding extreme charge rates and maintaining optimal temperature, thereby reducing the trade-off between energy density and cycle life.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system extends vehicle range and improves efficiency by utilizing high energy density chemistries while mitigating cell failures, maintaining battery integrity, and reducing production costs through precise control and management of individual cell characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
bi-directional DC-DC converters to manage power flow
Data Source
AI summary
A power supply system that utilizes a hybrid architecture to enable low cycle-life, high energy density chemistries to be used in rechargeable batteries to extend the range of a traction battery.