EV Tire Heating via Axle Torque Braking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electrified vehicles lack the capability to intentionally spin tires for tire heating and traction enhancement, as their torque distribution systems typically prevent wheel spin, unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.
Innovation Solution
A system and method in an electrified vehicle that includes a controller communicating with electric machines and wheel brakes, allowing intentional wheel spinning by applying braking torque to one axle while applying driving torque to another, with a human-machine interface to activate a performance mode for sequential axle spinning, limiting wheel speed and time to prevent tire damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If traction control is disabled to allow wheel spin, then tire heating and traction improvement are achieved, but wheel slip and loss of control occur
Solution Approach 1:
The vehicle's wheel brakes are segmented by axle, allowing independent control of braking torque applied to front versus rear axles. This enables selective wheel spin on one axle while maintaining control through braking on the other axle, resolving the contradiction between allowing wheel spin for tire heating and maintaining wheel control through segmented brake control.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system dynamically changes the parameter of brake torque distribution between axles. By adjusting the ratio of braking torque applied to front versus rear axles based on desired performance mode, the system enables controlled wheel spin when needed while maintaining stability, thus changing the brake torque distribution parameter to resolve the contradiction.
2Reliability
If torque is equally distributed among all wheels, then wheel slip is reduced, but tire heating and performance enhancement are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system introduces asymmetry in torque distribution by applying braking torque selectively to one axle while allowing the other axle to spin. This asymmetric brake application creates intentional wheel spin on the non-braked axle for tire heating, while the braked axle maintains grip, thus applying asymmetry to resolve the contradiction between equal torque distribution and tire heating.
Solution Approach 2:
The torque distribution system transitions from static equal distribution to dynamic asymmetric distribution. The controller continuously adjusts brake torque allocation between axles based on operating conditions and performance mode, enabling the system to switch between stable equal torque mode and performance-oriented asymmetric mode with controlled wheel spin, thus applying dynamics to resolve the contradiction.
3Ease of operation
If wheel spin is allowed for performance demonstration, then visual exhibition and traction improvement are achieved, but tire damage and energy loss occur
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements periodic or intermittent wheel spin rather than continuous spinning. By controlling the duration and cycling of wheel spin events on each axle, the system provides performance demonstration capability when needed while limiting cumulative tire wear through periodic rather than continuous aggressive spinning, thus applying periodic action to resolve the contradiction.
Solution Approach 2:
The harmful effect of excessive tire wear is extracted or separated from the useful effect of performance demonstration. The control system extracts only the necessary amount of wheel spin needed for tire heating and visual exhibition, while preventing excessive spinning that would cause damage. This selective extraction of the beneficial portion while eliminating the harmful excess resolves the contradiction between performance capability and tire preservation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables quick tire heating and improved traction, providing a desirable feature for high-performance applications by selectively spinning tires, enhancing 0-60 mph and ¼ mile performance metrics, and allowing visual demonstrations like 'burnouts' without requiring hardware upgrades, just a software update.
Implementation Method 1
control the wheel brakes to apply a braking torque to the wheels
Implementation Method 2
controlling the first electric machine to apply torque to the wheels of only the first axle to intentionally spin the wheels
Implementation Method 3
Wheel spin may be desirable for various performance vehicles to heat the tires and improve traction
Data Source
AI summary
An electrified vehicle includes a controller programmed to implement performance mode control of first and second electric machines and wheel brakes associated with wheels of respective first and second axles to provide a braking force to a first axle while providing torque to the second axle to intentionally spin the tires of the second axle to provide a peelout and associated heating or smoking of the tires to improve traction and provide a visual display of power. The maneuver may be repeated for the first axle by providing torque to the first axle while applying braking force to the second axle. A sequential maneuver that spins tires of the first axle followed by tires of the second axle may be performed by specified manipulation of the brake pedal and accelerator pedal.