Exhaust apparatus, system, and method for enhanced capture and containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing exhaust systems face inefficiencies in capturing pollutants due to energy loss and increased costs when operating at high exhaust rates to manage transient load pulses, and they struggle to maintain capture efficiency in windy conditions while maintaining operator space and reducing conditioned air usage.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a ventilation device with a housing having a high aspect ratio, featuring a jet register that generates horizontal and vertical jets to direct pollutants towards the exhaust intake, with a control system to adjust jet flow rates based on real-time draft conditions, and a general ventilation register providing non-mixing ventilation air.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If high exhaust rate is used to capture transient load pulses, then capture efficiency is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary action by detecting transient load pulses and preemptively adjusting exhaust rate before pollutants can escape, thereby maintaining high capture efficiency without continuously operating at maximum exhaust rate. The control system monitors draft conditions and activates high exhaust rate only when transients are detected.
Solution Approach 2:
The exhaust system transitions from static fixed-speed operation to dynamic variable-speed operation, adjusting exhaust rate in real-time based on detected draft conditions and transient load pulses. This allows the system to match exhaust capacity to actual pollutant generation, reducing energy consumption while maintaining capture efficiency.
2Reliability
If high exhaust rate is used to ensure full containment, then pollutant containment is improved, but volume of conditioned air drawn out increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies partial action by using high exhaust rate only when necessary to capture transient load pulses, rather than continuously operating at excessive rates. The control system modulates exhaust rate to provide just enough containment capacity to handle peak pollutant generation, minimizing conditioned air loss while ensuring full containment during critical moments.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback control by continuously monitoring draft conditions and adjusting exhaust rate based on detected transients. This closed-loop control ensures that exhaust rate is optimized to achieve full pollutant containment while minimizing the volume of conditioned air drawn out, as the system responds to actual conditions rather than operating at fixed high rates.
3Reliability
If high exhaust rate is used to capture all transients, then capture efficiency is improved, but operating cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from static high-speed operation to dynamic variable-speed operation, allowing the exhaust blower to adjust its speed based on actual transient conditions. This reduces operating costs by avoiding continuous high-speed operation while maintaining capture efficiency when transients occur, as the system adapts its performance to match actual pollutant generation rates.
Solution Approach 2:
The control system uses feedback from draft condition monitoring to adjust exhaust rate, ensuring high capture efficiency only when transients are detected. This feedback-controlled approach reduces operating costs by eliminating the need for continuous high exhaust rate operation, as the system responds to actual conditions and modulates performance accordingly.
4Reliability
If high exhaust rate is used to manage transient pulses, then capture efficiency is improved, but noise level increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs periodic action by operating at high exhaust rate only during brief periods when transient load pulses are detected, rather than continuously. The control system monitors draft conditions and activates high exhaust rate in periodic bursts corresponding to transient events, maintaining capture efficiency during these short intervals while minimizing noise exposure during normal operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The exhaust system transitions from static high-speed operation to dynamic variable-speed operation, adjusting exhaust rate in real-time based on detected transients. This reduces noise level by avoiding continuous high-speed operation, as the system only operates at high rates during brief transient events, thereby maintaining capture efficiency when needed while minimizing noise during normal low-load periods.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances capture efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes the volume of conditioned air needed, while maintaining operator space and improving pollutant containment even in windy environments.
Implementation Method 1
a jet register located below the exhaust intake and configured to generate jets, a first of the jets being directed toward the exhaust intake and located below it
Implementation Method 2
an exhaust blower creates a negative pressure zone to draw pollutants and air directly away from the pollutant source
Implementation Method 3
turbulence caused by plug flow (the warm plume of effluent rising due to buoyancy)
Implementation Method 4
the warm plume of effluent rising due to buoyancy
Implementation Method 5
the air outlet in the front end of the hood that discharges a relatively low velocity stream of air downwardly. According to the description, the relatively low velocity air stream forms a curtain of air to prevent conditioned air from being drawn into the hood
Implementation Method 6
Other sources of air directed towards the hood create a venturi effect
Data Source
AI summary
An exhaust system includes a ventilated ceiling component with multiple surfaces and recesses. Each recess has an exhaust intake, the recesses being distributed over an area of a ceiling that has a perimeter adjacent the recesses. The perimeter has a jet register located below the exhaust intake and configured to generate jets, a first of the jets being directed toward and located below at least one of the exhaust intakes and a second of the jets being directed substantially vertically downward. The perimeter further has a displacement ventilation register.