Expandable Cannula Catheter Pump for Percutaneous Cardiac Support
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current mechanical circulatory support devices, such as intra-aortic balloon pumps and rotary blood pumps, face challenges in providing sufficient flow rates while minimizing the risk of hemolysis and thrombosis, and often require invasive procedures, limiting their effectiveness and safety for treating acute heart failure.
Innovation Solution
A catheter pump system with an expandable cannula and a motor-driven impeller assembly that can be inserted percutaneously, allowing for full cardiac flow rates with reduced rotational speeds to minimize adverse events, and featuring a securement device to prevent disengagement during operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the flow rate of a rotary pump is increased by rotating the impeller faster, then the flow rate is improved, but the risk of hemolysis increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pump system dynamically adjusts impeller rotational speed based on real-time flow requirements and patient condition. The controller modulates motor power delivery to maintain optimal rotational speeds that provide sufficient flow while avoiding hemolytic thresholds, allowing the system to adapt between low-speed high-flow and high-speed low-flow operating points
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters including rotational speed, impeller diameter, and pump head pressure to optimize performance. By varying these parameters, the pump can achieve required flow rates at lower rotational speeds, thereby reducing hemolysis risk while maintaining therapeutic effectiveness
2Productivity
If a fixed cross-section ventricular assist device is designed to provide near full heart flow rate, then the flow rate is improved, but the device size becomes too large for percutaneous insertion
Solution Approach 1:
The cannula transitions from a collapsed low-profile configuration during insertion to an expanded high-flow configuration during operation. This dynamic size change allows the device to be inserted percutaneously through small access sites while providing full heart flow rates when deployed in the ventricle
Solution Approach 2:
The expandable cannula is nested within a delivery catheter in a collapsed state for percutaneous insertion. Once positioned in the ventricle, the cannula expands outward from the delivery catheter to its full operational diameter, providing the required flow capacity while maintaining a small insertion profile
3Productivity
If a rotary blood pump is inserted into the body to assist the pumping function, then the flow rate is improved, but the procedure becomes more invasive
Solution Approach 1:
The pump components including the cannula and housing utilize flexible materials that allow the device to be compressed into a small profile for percutaneous insertion through the femoral artery. The flexible structure expands to its functional shape once deployed in the ventricle, providing full flow capacity without requiring open surgical access
Solution Approach 2:
The pump system is divided into separable components including the impeller assembly, motor, and cannula that can be inserted separately or as a modular unit. This segmentation allows for minimally invasive delivery through catheter-based access while maintaining the integrated functionality required for effective cardiac support
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The catheter pump system achieves high flow rates, reduces the risk of hemolysis and thrombosis, and enables minimally-invasive insertion and operation, providing effective cardiac support with improved clinical outcomes for acute heart failure treatment.
Implementation Method 1
A catheter pump system with an expandable cannula and a motor-driven impeller assembly
Data Source
AI summary
A catheter assembly can include a cannula disposed at a distal portion of the catheter assembly. The cannula can have a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration. The cannula can be arranged to permit the flow of blood therethrough when in the expanded configuration. The catheter assembly can comprise a tip member coupled with a distal portion of the cannula. A guide feature can be configured to receive a guidewire through a guide lumen formed through the guide feature. The catheter assembly can be configured such that, when the catheter assembly is inserted into a patient with the guidewire, the guidewire passes through the guide lumen and along at least a portion of an outer surface of the catheter assembly.