External Hall Effect Thruster Surface Integration

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional Hall effect thrusters occupy significant space within spacecraft due to their annular nozzle design, cluttering the internal space and limiting payload capacity.

Innovation Solution

The thruster is redesigned to operate externally, with a magnetic and electric circuit arranged around a cylindrical wall of the spacecraft, generating fields that trap electrons and accelerate particles outside the spacecraft, allowing for a more compact and efficient thrust generation system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an annular nozzle is used to generate radial magnetic field, then the magnetic circuit can generate a radial magnetic field for thruster operation, but the internal space of the spacecraft becomes particularly cluttered

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethruster operationVSAvoidinternal space
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the particle acceleration function from the internal nozzle structure and relocates it to the external surface of the spacecraft. The magnetic circuit and electric circuit are positioned on the external surface, with magnetic poles facing outward to generate fields in the external environment, thereby removing the bulky internal nozzle and freeing up internal spacecraft volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention inverts the conventional thruster design by placing the magnetic circuit and electric circuit on the external surface of the spacecraft rather than inside. The acceleration of particles occurs outside the spacecraft in the external environment, reversing the traditional internal acceleration approach and eliminating the need for internal nozzle structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Force

If magnetic circuit and electric circuit are arranged inside the spacecraft, then thrust can be generated, but the bulk of the thruster occupies significant space within the spacecraft

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovethrustVSAvoidthruster bulk
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention transitions the thruster system from a three-dimensional internal volume occupation to a two-dimensional surface arrangement. The magnetic circuit and electric circuit are distributed on the external surface of the spacecraft, utilizing the surface dimension rather than consuming internal volume, thereby generating thrust without increasing thruster bulk inside the spacecraft.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts the thrust generation components (magnetic circuit and electric circuit) from the internal space and relocates them to the external surface of the spacecraft. This extraction eliminates the need for internal space occupation while maintaining the thrust generation capability through external field interaction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Productivity

If conventional internal thruster design is used, then particle acceleration can be achieved, but payload capacity is limited due to cluttered internal space

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle accelerationVSAvoidpayload capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the particle acceleration function from internal structures and relocates it to the external surface environment. By performing acceleration outside the spacecraft using external magnetic and electric fields, the internal space is freed up, increasing the available volume for payload while maintaining productivity through external field-based particle acceleration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design reduces the bulk of the thruster within the spacecraft, freeing up internal space for payload and enabling long-term altitude maintenance and orbital corrections without the need for a propellant gas supply.

Implementation Method 1

a magnetic circuit for generating a magnetic field; the magnetic circuit and the electric circuit are arranged so as to generate magnetic and electric fields around the wall

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

an electric circuit comprising an anode, a first cathode, and an electric voltage source for emitting electrons at least via the first cathode and attracting electrons via the anode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric field: Electric Field

Implementation Method 3

Hall effect thruster, and spacecraft including such a thruster

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHall effect: Hall Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3250822B1Hall effect thruster, and spacecraft including such a thruster
Publication Date: 2019.03.13 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3250822B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3250822B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The invention relates to a Hall effect thruster (10) arranged inside a wall (22) and comprising a magnetic circuit (30) and an electrical circuit (60) including an anode (62), a first cathode (64), and an electrical voltage source (68). The magnetic circuit and electrical circuit are arranged so as to generate magnetic (B) and electrical (E) fields around the wall (22). In each meridional cross-section, the magnetic circuit (30) has an upstream magnetic pole (50) and a downstream magnetic pole (52) that are arranged spaced apart from each other on the surface of the wall. The anode (62) and the first cathode (64) are located on either side of the upstream magnetic pole (50).