Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers for Post-Surgical Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for predicting post-surgical cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgical procedures are inadequate, leading to high peri-operative morbidity and mortality, and there is a need for improved risk assessment strategies to reduce surgical complications and associated costs.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biological samples, specifically using high-sensitivity flow cytometry to determine the presence of CD31+, CD105+, or CD64+ markers, which classifies individuals as high or low risk for cardiovascular events, potentially combined with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI), to predict post-surgical cardiovascular risks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional risk assessment methods are used for predicting post-surgical cardiovascular events, then the assessment process is simple and quick, but the prediction accuracy and reliability are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces extracellular vesicles (EVs) as intermediary biomarkers that mediate between the patient's physiological state and the prediction of cardiovascular events. These EVs serve as measurable indicators that translate complex biological processes into quantifiable risk assessments, thereby improving prediction accuracy without requiring direct observation of complex pathological processes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces conventional clinical assessment methods (which rely on subjective judgment and limited parameters) with a standardized quantitative measurement system based on EV counting and characterization. This substitution transforms the assessment from a qualitative/semi-quantitative process to a precise quantitative measurement, improving reliability while maintaining operational feasibility through standardized protocols
2Reliability
If more comprehensive risk assessment methods are implemented, then post-surgical morbidity and mortality can be reduced, but the cost of treatment and resource consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs risk assessment before surgery (pre-surgically) by measuring EV levels and characteristics. This preliminary action allows for identification of high-risk patients before they undergo surgery, enabling preventive interventions or optimization of perioperative care plans. By detecting risks in advance, the system prevents adverse outcomes rather than treating them after occurrence, thereby improving surgical outcome reliability while avoiding the higher costs associated with treating complications
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes extracellular vesicles that are naturally present in patient blood samples as self-indicating biomarkers. These EVs automatically reflect the patient's cardiovascular risk status without requiring external intervention or complex testing procedures. The body's own biological markers serve the assessment function, eliminating the need for expensive external testing systems while providing reliable risk stratification
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively identifies individuals at risk for cardiovascular events, improving pre-surgical risk assessment, potentially reducing post-surgical complications and associated costs by allowing for more informed healthcare decisions and timely interventions.
Implementation Method 1
determining the number of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the biological sample expressing a set of biological markers, the set of biological markers comprising at least one of CD31+, CD105+, or CD64+; In some embodiments, determining the number of EVs utilizes high-sensitivity flow cytometry
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure provides for compositions and methods that can be used to predict an individual's risk for experiencing a cardiovascular event following a surgical procedure (e.g., a non-cardiac surgical procedure).