3D Printer Extruder Height Control via Passive Cam Mechanism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current three-dimensional printing technologies face challenges with multi-extruder height control, thermal management, and build plate design, including cumbersome switching between extruders, noise and vibration issues, heat damage, and user safety and comfort concerns.

Innovation Solution

A multi-extruder system with a passive height control mechanism using ramped surfaces and a cam system to adjust extruder height without active components, improved thermal management through fluidic cooling, and a build plate with magnetic coupling and elastomeric insulation for user safety and comfort.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If active height control mechanisms are used to adjust extruder height, then height control precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheight control precisionVSAvoidcontrol mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces active electronic height control mechanisms with a passive cam-based mechanical system. The cam profile is designed to automatically adjust the inactive extruder height during movement, eliminating the need for motors, sensors, and control electronics while maintaining precise height control through the geometric shape of the cam surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The cam mechanism is self-regulating and automatically adjusts extruder height based on its own motion through the defined cam profile. The system uses the movement of the extruder assembly itself to drive the height adjustment, requiring no external power source or active control elements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Productivity

If rapid extruder switching is implemented, then productivity is improved, but noise and vibration increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextruder switching speedVSAvoidnoise and vibration
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The cam profile is designed with gradual transition zones that cushion the height adjustment process. As the extruder moves through the cam mechanism, the curved surface provides a smooth, progressive height change rather than abrupt movements, reducing mechanical shocks and vibrations that would otherwise occur during rapid extruder switching.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Manufacturing precision

If heater temperature is increased to melt build material, then manufacturing precision is improved, but heat damage to extruder components occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial deposition accuracyVSAvoidheat damage to components
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The heating system is segmented into localized heating zones rather than a single high-temperature source. Heat is applied at specific locations where material melting is required, while other components remain in cooler zones. This segmentation allows the extruder to maintain high temperatures for material processing without subjecting all components to damaging heat levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution reduces noise and vibration, enhances thermal management to prevent heat damage, and improves user safety and comfort during maintenance and operation.

Implementation Method 1

a cam having a working surface movable relative to the first extruder and shaped to translate a first movement of the cam along an x-axis or a y-axis into a second movement of the first follower along the z-axis

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCam mechanism: Cam

Implementation Method 2

a damper coupled to the support, the damper engageable with the first extruder to receive a z-axis load from the first extruder and decouple the first follower from the working surface of the cam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDamping: Damping

Implementation Method 3

a heater that heats a build material to a target temperature above a liquefaction temperature of the build material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 4

the melted build material may move through a nozzle of the extruder to form an object during a three-dimensional print

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectViscous flow:

Data Source

PatentEP3849779B1Three-dimensional printing device
Publication Date: 2023.05.03 MAKERBOT IND LLC
  • EP3849779B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3849779B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3849779B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The present teachings include improvements in three-dimensional printing, such as improvements related to build platforms, extruders, and extrusion techniques.