Fabric items having areas with different properties

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Solution Overview

Problem

Uniform fabric-based items struggle to meet design requirements due to their consistent properties, making it difficult to create items with specific features such as conductivity, stiffness, and optical properties, which are essential for forming functional electronic devices and wearable technology.

Innovation Solution

The use of extruded strands with varying properties along their lengths, created using electrically adjustable strand extrusion equipment, allows for the formation of fabric with different areas having distinct properties, such as conductivity, stiffness, and opacity, by incorporating markers for precise placement of these properties during the intertwining process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If uniform fabric is used, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but design flexibility and functional integration are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedesign flexibilityVSAvoidfabric structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating fabric with spatially varying properties through extruded strands. Different sections of the fabric have different material compositions, physical properties, or functional characteristics enabled by varying the extrusion parameters (temperature, pressure, material flow) along the strand length, allowing specific areas to be optimized for different functions while maintaining a single continuous structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the fabric properties by dividing the extrusion process into distinct zones along the strand length. Each zone can have different material characteristics (conductive, insulating, flexible, rigid) created by adjusting extrusion parameters independently for different segments, enabling multi-functional fabric without assembling separate components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Adaptability or versatility

If fabric properties are varied along strand lengths, then functional areas are created, but manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefunctional integrationVSAvoidextrusion equipment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamics by making the extrusion process adjustable and variable along the strand length. The extrusion equipment can dynamically change parameters (temperature, pressure, material composition, flow rate) during the continuous extrusion process, allowing the fabric properties to be programmed and adapted without complex assembly operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies parameter changes by systematically varying extrusion parameters (temperature, pressure, material flow rate, composition) along the strand length to create different fabric properties in different sections. This enables functional differentiation through controlled parameter modulation rather than through complex mechanical or chemical post-processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If markers are added to strands, then placement precision is improved, but manufacturing steps increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearea property placement precisionVSAvoidfabric formation process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by incorporating markers into the strands during the extrusion process itself, before the fabric formation step. These markers (visual, tactile, or detectable features) are built into the strand structure to guide subsequent fabric formation equipment in placing strands with desired properties in correct positions, eliminating the need for post-extrusion marking or complex alignment systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the creation of fabric-based items with tailored properties, allowing for the integration of electronic components and forming functional structures like device housings and sensors, enhancing the functionality and design flexibility of fabric-based electronic devices.

Implementation Method 1

Adjustments may be made to the sources and to adjustable components in the extrusion equipment such as heaters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3488033B1Fabric items having areas with different properties
Publication Date: 2023.06.21 APPLE INC
  • EP3488033B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3488033B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3488033B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A fabric-based item may include fabric formed from intertwined strands of material. The strands of material may include extruded strands. Strand extrusion equipment may have electrically adjustable sources such as one or more sources of different polymers, dyes, particles, wire, and other elements to be incorporated into an extruded strand. The properties of the strands such as strand stiffness, strand diameter, conductivity, magnetic permeability, opacity, color, thermal conductivity, sand strength, may be varied along their lengths. Fabric formed from the strands may have different areas with different properties. Markers may be formed from particles at particular locations along the lengths of the strands, may be optical marker structures formed from circumferential rings of ink or other visible material on the strands, or may be other markers that can be sensed using electrical sensing, magnetic sensing, optical sensing, or other types of sensing when forming fabric from the strands.