Gas Turbine Fan Blade Axial Stacking Offset Design

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engine fan blades experience irreversible propulsive losses due to flow discontinuities and turbulence, making it challenging to identify and optimize design factors for improved propulsive efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The design of the fan blade features a curve with critical and inflection points, specific axial stacking offsets, and slope ratios that vary along the span, optimizing the axial stacking offset ratio to reduce losses and enhance aerodynamic functionality and thermal efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the fan rotates at a high rate of speed, then the propulsive efficiency is improved, but flow discontinuities and shocks are created resulting in irreversible propulsive losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepropulsive efficiencyVSAvoidirreversible propulsive losses
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying the axial stacking offset at different span positions along the fan blade. The offset is not uniform but is specifically tailored for different regions (root, mid-span, tip) to optimize airflow characteristics locally, reducing shocks and flow discontinuities that cause energy losses while maintaining high rotational speeds

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the geometric parameter of axial stacking offset to optimize performance. By adjusting the offset values at different span positions and their rates of change, the patent modifies the blade geometry to reduce propulsive losses while maintaining high rotational speed operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If the axial stacking offset is optimized to reduce propulsive losses, then the propulsive efficiency is improved, but the design complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepropulsive lossesVSAvoiddesign complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces dynamic characteristics to the blade design by defining the axial stacking offset as a varying parameter along the span rather than a fixed value. This dynamic approach allows the offset to change continuously from root to tip, optimizing performance while providing a systematic method for design that manages complexity through mathematical relationships

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3108109B1Gas turbine engine fan blade
Publication Date: 2023.09.13 RTX CORP
  • EP3108109B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3108109B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP3108109B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

An airfoil for a turbine engine includes pressure and suction sides that extend in a radial direction from a 0% span position at an inner flow path location to a 100% span position at an airfoil tip. The airfoil has a relationship between a stacking offset and a span position that is at least a third order polynomial curve that includes at least one positive and negative slope. The positive slope crosses an initial axial stacking offset that corresponds to the 0% span position at a zero-crossing position. A first axial stacking offset X1 is provided from the zero-crossing position to a negative-most value on the curve. A second axial stacking offset X2 is provided from the zero-crossing position to a positive-most value on the curve. A ratio of the second to first axial stacking offset X2/X1 is between 1.5 and 2.0 or less than 1.4.