Fan Blade Tip Insert Thermal Expansion Clearance Control

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Turbine engines face performance issues due to varying tip clearance between fan blades and casings, leading to aerodynamic losses and potential damage from blade tip rubbing, as differential thermal expansion of materials causes fluctuations in clearance.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of variable fan blade tips with inserts made of materials with high or inverse coefficients of thermal expansion, which expand or contract based on operating conditions to passively control blade-tip-to-case clearance, maintaining optimal clearance and reducing aerodynamic losses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If fan blades and casings are made of different materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, then manufacturing and assembly are simplified, but differential thermal expansion causes varying tip clearance leading to aerodynamic losses and potential blade tip rubbing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing and assembly simplicityVSAvoidtip clearance stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by incorporating a thermal expansion compensator made of material with a specific thermal expansion coefficient that differs from both the fan blade and casing. This compensator dynamically adjusts its dimensions in response to temperature changes, maintaining optimal tip clearance across varying operating conditions. The compensator's thermal expansion characteristics are specifically selected to counterbalance the differential expansion between the blade and casing, thereby stabilizing the clearance parameter without complicating the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If fixed tip clearance is maintained throughout operation, then manufacturing precision can be achieved, but aerodynamic losses occur due to suboptimal clearance at different operating conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetip clearance control accuracyVSAvoidaerodynamic losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamics by introducing a thermal expansion compensator that dynamically adjusts tip clearance in response to real-time temperature changes during operation. Unlike fixed clearance designs, the compensator's material properties enable it to automatically adapt to varying thermal conditions, maintaining optimal clearance at different operating points. This dynamic adjustment minimizes aerodynamic losses by ensuring the clearance remains within the optimal range across the entire operating envelope, while the compensator's integrated design preserves manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If blade tip rubbing is prevented by increasing clearance, then damage risk is reduced, but aerodynamic performance deteriorates due to increased tip leakage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblade tip damage preventionVSAvoidaerodynamic performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by using a thermal expansion compensator with specifically selected thermal expansion characteristics. The compensator's material properties are engineered to provide just enough expansion to prevent blade tip rubbing under maximum temperature conditions, while minimizing excessive clearance that would cause aerodynamic losses. By precisely controlling the compensator's thermal response, the system maintains the optimal balance between clearance sufficient to prevent damage and clearance small enough to minimize tip leakage and maintain aerodynamic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively manages tip clearance, enhancing turbine engine performance by minimizing aerodynamic losses and reducing the risk of damage, allowing the fan blades and casings to operate within a stable clearance range regardless of temperature changes.

Implementation Method 1

the blade tip insert is formed from a material that passively adjusts a shape of the blade tip insert to maintain a blade tip clearance between the blade tip and an engine casing or nacelle by at least one of expanding or contracting based on temperature

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Data Source

PatentUS12173616B2Methods and apparatus for passive fan blade tip clearance control
Publication Date: 2024.12.24 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • US12173616B2 patent drawing
  • US12173616B2 patent drawing
  • US12173616B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed for passive fan blade tip clearance control. A fan blade for a gas turbine engine, the fan blade comprising a fan blade body including a tip region at a blade tip of the fan blade body and a blade tip insert disposed within the tip region of the fan blade body, the blade tip insert is formed from a material that passively adjusts a shape of the blade tip insert to maintain a blade tip clearance between the blade tip and an engine casing or nacelle by at least one of expanding or contracting based on temperature.