Turbomachine Fan Blade Tip Segmentation for Clearance Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Turbomachine rotary blower dawns experience self-engagement issues due to deformation under centrifugal and aerodynamic forces, leading to potential damage and aerodynamic performance degradation.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a metal reinforcement part with a metallic projection of prescribed wear at the dawn head, designed to detach partially under tangential friction, preventing self-engagement and allowing for progressive wear that maintains aerodynamic efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If the radial clearance at the blade tip is reduced to improve aerodynamic performance, then aerodynamic efficiency increases, but the blade becomes more prone to self-engagement and contact damage with the abradable material

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaerodynamic performanceVSAvoidblade contact stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The blade tip is segmented into a rigid main body and a frangible section that can detach. The frangible section includes a groove filled with resin that creates a weakened zone, allowing the tip to break away upon contact with the abradable material, preventing self-engagement while maintaining small clearance for aerodynamic efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The mechanical properties of the blade tip are changed by creating a frangible zone with specific strength characteristics. The groove depth and resin material are designed to provide controlled brittleness, enabling the tip to transition from a fully rigid structure to one with localized weakness that facilitates detachment under contact stress

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the radial clearance at the blade tip is increased to prevent contact with the abradable material, then blade reliability improves, but aerodynamic performance deteriorates due to increased leakage flow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblade contact stabilityVSAvoidaerodynamic performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The blade tip is divided into a rigid main body that maintains aerodynamic shape and a frangible section that can detach. This segmentation allows the majority of the blade to operate at optimal clearance for aerodynamic efficiency while only a small sacrificial portion provides contact protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The frangible section acts as a disposable protective element that is intentionally designed to fail first during contact events. By sacrificing this small portion of the blade tip, the expensive main blade body and engine components are protected from damage, and aerodynamic performance is maintained

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively reduces the criticality of self-engagement, limits damage to the dawn head, and improves aerodynamic performance by allowing for reduced gap settings between the dawn and the abradable material.

Implementation Method 1

configured to detach at least partially in the presence of tangential friction going in the second thickness direction against the metal part of the blade head

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Implementation Method 2

The wear of the prescribed metal wear projection of the blade head during its possible rotation against the abradable material of the fan casing may be progressive

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWear: Wear

Implementation Method 3

when the blade operates at high speed, it deforms under the centrifugal effect and aerodynamic forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal force: Centrifugal Force

Implementation Method 4

a fixed casing surrounding them with a clearance between the blades and the casing, which is internally covered with an abradable material that can be planed by the rotating blade tips

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbrasion: Abrasion

Data Source

PatentEP4127409B1Turbomachine fan blade, fan and turbomachine with such blade
Publication Date: 2025.04.23 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP4127409B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4127409B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4127409B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The present invention relates to a turbomachine rotary-fan blade (2), comprising a body (20) made of a composite material, a metal reinforcement part (3) comprising a metal upstream nose (31), characterised in that the metal upstream nose (31) comprises, at least on the metal part (27b) of the blade tip, a recess (4) of longitudinally tapering thickness (AX), delimiting on the metal part (27b) over a height (H) at least one metal projection (5) with prescribed wear, which has a longitudinally tapering thickness and which is configured to detach at least partially in the presence of tangential friction in the second thickness direction (EP) against the metal part (27b), the recess (4) and the metal projection (5) with prescribed wear extending the first metal fin (32) and/or the second metal fin (33) and/or the upstream edge (22) of the body (20) made of composite material.