Turbomachine Fan Guide Vane Thermal Expansion Bending Compensation

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing turbomachine fan stator vanes are subjected to significant bending stresses due to the helical component of the air flow, leading to deformation, misalignment of components, increased wear on bearings and gears, and potential blocking of thrust reversers.

Innovation Solution

The vanes are designed with a hollow structure featuring a central main duct for heat transfer fluid circulation and lateral ducts between the main duct and the leading/trailing edges, allowing differential thermal expansion to counteract aerodynamic bending forces, reducing the rotation of the outer casing relative to the inner casing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If the vanes are designed with a hollow structure featuring a central main duct for heat transfer fluid circulation and lateral ducts between the main duct and the leading/trailing edges, allowing differential thermal expansion to counteract aerodynamic bending forces, then the bending deformation caused by aerodynamic forces is reduced or canceled, but the device complexity increases due to the multi-duct hollow structure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebending deformationVSAvoidhollow structure with multiple ducts
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies thermal expansion by circulating heat transfer fluid through the hollow vane structure, causing controlled expansion of the vane material. This expansion generates counteracting forces that compensate for the aerodynamic bending forces, thereby reducing or canceling the net bending deformation of the vanes during operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #37Thermal expansion

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite construction by integrating multiple functional ducts (central main duct and lateral ducts) within the hollow vane structure. This composite design allows simultaneous achievement of structural integrity, heat transfer functionality, and differential thermal expansion capabilities, resolving the complexity issue through multi-functional integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Stability of the object's composition

If the vanes are designed with a hollow structure featuring a central main duct for heat transfer fluid circulation and lateral ducts between the main duct and the leading/trailing edges, then the bending deformation caused by aerodynamic forces is reduced or canceled, but the manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebending deformationVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the hollow vane structure into distinct duct sections (central main duct and lateral ducts) that can be manufactured separately and then assembled. This segmentation approach simplifies the manufacturing process compared to creating a single complex integrated hollow structure, as each duct section can be formed using standard fabrication techniques and then joined together.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs nesting by placing the lateral ducts within the structural framework defined by the central main duct. This nested arrangement allows efficient use of space within the hollow vane while simplifying manufacturing, as the inner lateral ducts can be installed within the outer shell defined by the main duct structure, reducing the need for complex multi-cavity molding or forging operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Stability of the object's composition

If the main duct extends only in the central region of each blade section and the lateral ducts extend in the extreme regions, then the differential thermal expansion is optimized to counteract bending forces, but the heat transfer efficiency may be reduced due to limited fluid circulation coverage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebending deformationVSAvoidheat transfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different duct functions to different regions of the vane: the central main duct is positioned to provide primary structural support and generate the main thermal expansion force to counteract bending, while the lateral ducts in the extreme regions provide supplementary heat transfer and localized thermal management. This regional differentiation optimizes both the deformation compensation and heat transfer efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design reduces or cancels the bending deformation caused by aerodynamic forces, minimizing misalignment and wear, and allows for lighter construction by eliminating the need for additional static reinforcements.

Implementation Method 1

allowing differential thermal expansion to counteract aerodynamic bending forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 2

a hollow and traversed by a main duct for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid cooled by circulating in the blade

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3728793B1Guide vane of a turbomachine fan
Publication Date: 2023.03.08 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3728793B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3728793B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3728793B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A guide vane (15) in an outer section of a turbofan engine contains oil cooling cavities which are located on one side of a main bending axis (Iz) of the vane (15) so that the differential thermal expansions compensate for the bending deformations caused by the aerodynamic forces exerted on the outer vane surface (16).