Turbomachine Fan Hub Ratio Reduction via Titanium Alloy and Spline Drive

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current turbomachine fan designs for small turbomachines, particularly in business aviation, face limitations in reducing the external diameter of the hub while maintaining mechanical strength and performance, due to constraints on radial mechanical strength, torsional resistance, and manufacturing considerations, which restrict the hub ratio below a certain diameter.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates a fan disk with a spline connection between the disk and the drive shaft, eliminating bolted flanges for torque transmission, and uses a titanium alloy for the fan disc, reducing the radial height of the grooves to enhance mechanical strength and allow a smaller hub ratio, while maintaining axial retention of blades through an upstream flange and balancing profile.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the external diameter of the hub is reduced to lower the hub ratio and improve performance, then the air flow and performance gain, but the radial mechanical strength and torsional strength deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair flowVSAvoidradial mechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from conventional alloys to titanium alloy, which has superior strength-to-weight ratio. This allows the hub external diameter to be reduced (improving air flow) while maintaining adequate mechanical strength through the superior properties of titanium alloy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs titanium alloy as a composite material solution that provides both the strength required for reduced hub dimensions and the weight reduction necessary for performance improvement. The material's inherent properties enable simultaneous optimization of structural integrity and aerodynamic efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If the external diameter of the hub is reduced to lower the hub ratio, then the performance gain, but the weight reduction is limited by manufacturing constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveperformanceVSAvoidmanufacturing constraints
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the hub structure with the fan disc into an integrated component. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate manufacturing and assembly of the hub, allowing the external diameter to be reduced to optimize performance while the integrated structure simplifies manufacturing constraints

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

By changing the material to titanium alloy with superior mechanical properties, the patent enables reduced hub dimensions that would otherwise be制造ually constrained. The material's properties allow for thinner, smaller structures that can be manufactured while maintaining performance and strength requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional bolted flanges are used for torque transmission, then the assembly is simple, but the risk of deformation and rupture increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly simplicityVSAvoidrisk of deformation and rupture
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates the bolted flange connection system from the torque transmission mechanism. By removing this weak link, the design achieves both higher reliability (no deformation/rupture risk at flange joints) and maintains assembly simplicity through the direct spline connection between shaft and hub

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Productivity

If the hub ratio is reduced by radial reduction, then the suction section increases and air flow improves, but the weight gain occurs due to material requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair flowVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses titanium alloy's superior strength-to-weight ratio to enable hub dimensional reduction for improved air flow while simultaneously achieving weight reduction. The material properties allow thinner, smaller hub structures that improve suction section and air flow without the weight penalty that would normally accompany such dimensional reductions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Data Source

PatentEP3074638B1Fan for a turbo engine
Publication Date: 2024.02.14 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3074638B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3074638B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3074638B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention proposes a fan, in particular for a turbomachine of small size such as a jet engine, having a hub ratio which corresponds to the ratio of the diameter of the inner limit of the incoming air stream (26) at the radially inner ends of the leading edges of the fan blades (10), divided by the diameter of the circle around which the outer ends of the fan blades pass, having a value of between 0.20 and 0.265.