Fast Chirp PLL Return Boosting for Overshoot Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Advanced radar systems face challenges in maintaining low phase noise and ramp linearity due to frequency overshoot and PLL unlock during fast chirp modulation, which corrupts radar signal integrity.

Innovation Solution

A boost current is determined and applied to the PLL filter stage during the return phase, proportional to the slope of the return phase and inversely proportional to the VCO gain, to control the frequency transition from stop to start frequency, reducing frequency overshoot and improving PLL settling time.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If the PLL bandwidth is set to a relatively low value to filter out noise contributions, then phase noise is reduced, but the ramp linearity deteriorates during fast chirp modulation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase noiseVSAvoidramp linearity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the PLL bandwidth adjustable rather than fixed. The system dynamically switches between a first bandwidth during the chirp phase (to maintain ramp linearity) and a second, narrower bandwidth during the return phase (to filter noise and reduce frequency overshoot). This temporal variation in bandwidth allows the system to optimize both ramp linearity and phase noise performance at different operational stages.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the bandwidth parameter of the PLL filter based on the operational phase. By adjusting the filter bandwidth from a wider setting during chirp to a narrower setting during return, the system adapts its frequency response characteristics to meet different performance requirements. This parameter change enables the system to achieve both good ramp linearity during frequency sweeping and low phase noise during frequency holding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If the PLL bandwidth is increased to improve ramp linearity, then frequency response improves, but phase noise increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveramp linearityVSAvoidphase noise
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts the PLL bandwidth based on operational phase requirements. During the chirp phase, a wider bandwidth is used to maintain good ramp linearity and frequency response. During the return phase, the bandwidth is reduced to filter noise and minimize frequency overshoot. This dynamic adjustment resolves the contradiction by applying different bandwidth settings at different times rather than compromising with a fixed intermediate value.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements periodic switching between two bandwidth configurations synchronized with the chirp-return cycle. The wider bandwidth is applied periodically during chirp intervals, and the narrower bandwidth is applied periodically during return intervals. This periodic action allows the system to achieve both good ramp linearity and low phase noise performance through time-multiplexed optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Measurement precision

If fast chirp modulation is used to increase radar resolution, then radar resolution improves, but frequency overshoot and PLL unlock occur during return phase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradar resolutionVSAvoidsignal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by pre-adjusting the PLL bandwidth before the return phase begins. The system switches to a narrower bandwidth setting during the return phase proactively, before frequency overshoot or PLL unlock can occur. This preemptive adjustment prevents the harmful effects rather than correcting them after they happen, maintaining signal integrity during fast chirp modulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback by monitoring the operational phase (chirp vs. return) and adjusting the PLL bandwidth accordingly. The bandwidth adjustment is triggered by the phase state, creating a feedback mechanism that automatically optimizes the frequency response to prevent overshoot and maintain lock during fast modulation transitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for a controlled and rapid return to the start frequency, minimizing noise and maintaining linearity, thereby enhancing radar signal integrity and reducing design restrictions on noise and power consumption.

Implementation Method 1

A boost circuit is connected to the digital controller and the filter. The boost circuit supplies a boost current during the return phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical current control:

Data Source

PatentEP3579011B1Boosted return time for fast chirp PLL and calibration method
Publication Date: 2022.03.16 NXP USA INC
  • EP3579011B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3579011B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3579011B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A fast chirp Phase Locked Loop (70) with a boosted return time includes a Voltage Controlled Oscillator, VCO, (12) generating a Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform, FMCW, (14). The VCO responds to a filtered output voltage (74) of a filter (72) connected to a charge pump (28). A digital controller (82) modifies the FMCW to generate a chirp phase (304) and a return phase (300). The chirp phase includes a first linear change of the FMCW from a start frequency (202) to a stop frequency (204). The return phase includes a second linear change of the FMCW from the stop frequency to the start frequency. A boost circuit (86) connects to the digital controller and the filter. The boost circuit supplies a boost current (98) during the return phase. The boost current is proportional to a return slope of the return phase and inversely proportional to a VCO gain of the VCO.