Aerated Fat-Based Product Bubble Nucleation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for aerating fat-based confectionery products, such as chocolate, face challenges in achieving stable micro-aeration due to the lack of suitable surfactants and the inefficiency of tempering processes, which limit the incorporation of gas and result in products with large bubbles and inconsistent sensory properties.

Innovation Solution

The method involves incorporating gas under pressure into a liquid fat-based mass and injecting fat-based seed crystals to promote bubble nucleation, followed by pressure release, allowing for the creation of highly aerated products with porosities of at least 10% without the need for tempering the chocolate mass, using a process that can be implemented in a batch-wise or continuous processing apparatus.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If conventional aeration methods are used in fat-based confectionery systems, then gas bubbles can be incorporated into the product, but the bubbles become large and unstable due to lack of suitable surfactants and slow fat crystal network formation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegas incorporationVSAvoidbubble size control
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming fine fat crystals in a separate step before the aeration process. These pre-formed crystals serve as nucleation sites that are already present and ready to immediately stabilize bubbles when gas is introduced, eliminating the delay in bubble stabilization that occurs in conventional methods where fat crystals form slowly during or after aeration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses fine fat crystals as an intermediary substance that mediates between the gas phase and the fat-based continuous phase. These crystals act as surfactant-like structures that reduce interfacial tension and stabilize bubble interfaces, providing a mechanism for bubble stabilization that does not require traditional surfactants in fat-based systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If rapid cooling is used to form fat crystal network for bubble stabilization, then bubbles can be fixed in the fat matrix, but the process is too slow to prevent bubble coalescence on micro-scale

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebubble stabilityVSAvoidcrystal formation kinetics
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs the action of fat crystal formation in advance, before gas introduction. By pre-forming the crystal network and then introducing gas into this already-structured matrix, the bubbles are immediately captured and stabilized by the existing crystal framework, eliminating the kinetic mismatch between bubble formation and crystal stabilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Stability of the object's composition

If tempering process is used to stabilize chocolate mass before aeration, then the chocolate structure is stabilized, but the process complexity and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechocolate structure stabilityVSAvoidprocessing steps
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent separates and performs fat crystal formation as a preliminary step before aeration, rather than using the traditional tempering process that must be maintained throughout the entire production sequence. This allows the chocolate to be aerated in its untempered state, eliminating the need for complex temperature control during aeration and subsequent processing steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the traditional tempering and aeration processes into distinct steps: first forming fat crystals, then introducing gas. This segmentation allows each step to be optimized independently - crystal formation occurs under conditions ideal for nucleation, followed by gas introduction into a stable crystal matrix, rather than attempting to perform both functions simultaneously under compromised conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Quantity of substance

If high porosity is achieved through aeration, then the product has improved texture and mouthfeel, but the structural integrity during molding and enrobing deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveporosityVSAvoidstructural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

By pre-forming the fat crystal network before gas introduction, the patent creates a rigid structural framework that can support high gas volumes. The pre-established crystal matrix acts as a skeleton that maintains structural integrity even when large volumes of gas are incorporated, allowing high porosity products to retain sufficient strength for subsequent processing operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3242562B1Process for producing an aerated fat-based product
Publication Date: 2020.11.18 SOCIETE DES PRODUITS NESTLE SA
  • EP3242562B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3242562B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP3242562B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

The present invention relates to a novel method and apparatus to prepare aerated (preferably micro-aerated) fat based edible product, in particular confectionery product,and to the use of seeding to promote bubble nucleation in fat based edible mass comprising dissolved gas under pressure and/or cooling to achieve a solid fat content of at least 10% by weight of the total fat mass.